Sirop jagung fruktosa tinggi

Rumus struktural fruktosa (kiri) dan glukosa (kanan).

Sirop jagung fruktosa tinggi (SJFT), juga dikenal sebagai derawa glukosa-fruktosa atau isoglukosa,[1][2] adalah pemanis yang dibuat dari tepung jagung. Seperti dalam produksi sirop jagung konvensional, tepung pati terurai menjadi glukosa oleh enzim. Untuk membuat SJFT, sirup jagung selanjutnya diolah oleh glukosa isomerase guna mengubah sebagian glukosa menjadi fruktosa. SJFT pertama kali dipasarkan pada awal 1970-an oleh Clinton Corn Processing Company, bersama dengan Badan Sains dan Teknologi Industri Jepang, tempat enzim itu ditemukan pada tahun 1965.[3]

Sebagai bahan pemanis, SJFT sering dibandingkan dengan gula pasir, tetapi SJFT memiliki keunggulan yaitu: lebih mudah untuk ditangani dan lebih hemat biaya daripada gula pasir.[4] Label "SJFT 42" atau "SJFT 55" berarti mengandung 42% atau 55% komposisi fruktosa.[5] SJFT 42 terutama digunakan untuk makanan olahan dan sereal sarapan, sedangkan SJFT 55 kebanyakan digunakan untuk produksi minuman ringan.[5]

Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Amerika Serikat (FDA) menyatakan bahwa SJFT adalah bahan yang aman untuk pembuatan makanan dan minuman.[5] Penggunaan dan ekspor SJFT hasil produksi produsen di Amerika Serikat telah tumbuh dengan stabil selama awal abad ke-21.[6]

Rujukan

  1. ^ European Starch Association (2013-06-10). "Factsheet on Glucose Fructose Syrups and Isoglucose". 
  2. ^ "Glucose-fructose syrup: How is it produced?". European Food Information Council (EUFIC). Diakses tanggal 2 April 2013. 
  3. ^ White J. S. Sucrose, HFCS, and Fructose: History, Manufacture, Composition, Applications, and Production. Chapter 2 in J. M. Rippe (ed.), Fructose, High Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose and Health, Nutrition and Health. Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014. ISBN 9781489980779.
  4. ^ White, J. S. (2009). "Misconceptions about high-fructose corn syrup: Is it uniquely responsible for obesity, reactive dicarbonyl compounds, and advanced glycation endproducts?". Journal of Nutrition. 139 (6): 1219S–1227S. doi:10.3945/jn.108.097998 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 19386820. 
  5. ^ a b c "High Fructose Corn Syrup: Questions and Answers". US Food and Drug Administration. 4 January 2018. Diakses tanggal 19 August 2019. 
  6. ^ "U.S. Exports of Corn-Based Products Continue to Climb". Foreign Agricultural Service, US Department of Agriculture. 21 January 2015. Diakses tanggal 4 March 2017. 

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