Para pesaing untuk Mahkota Skotlandia

Dengan kematian Raja Alexander III pada 1286, mahkota Skotlandia disahkan kepada satu-satunya keturunannya yang masih hidup, cucunya yang berusia tiga tahun Margaret. Pada 1290, Para Penjaga Skotlandia, yang diangkat untuk memerintah kerajaan tersebut saat Raty masih belum beranjak dewasa, mengadakan Traktat Birgham, sebuah kontrak pernikahan antara Margaret dan Edward dari Caernarvon yang masih berusia lima tahun dan merupakan pewaris tahta Inggris. Traktat tersebut berisi tujuan bahwa meskipun masalah pernikahan tersebut akan mewariskan mahkota kepada Inggris sekaligus Skotlandia, kerajaan Skotlandia haruskan "terpisah, terlepas dan membebaskan dirinya sendiri tanpa campur tangan Kerajaan Inggris".[1] Secara jelas, tujuannya adalah untuk menjaga Skotlandia agar tetap menjadi entitas independen.

Ratu Margaret wafat pada awal Oktober di Orkney saat dalam perjalanan menuju Skotlandia, meninggalkan tahta dalam keadaan kosong. Para Penjaga memanggil ayah mertuanya, Edward I dari Inggris, untuk memutuskan di antara berbagai pesaing untuk tahta Skotlandia dalam sebuah proses yang disebut sebagai Sebab Besar (bahasa Gaelik Skotlandia: An t-Adhbhar Mòr[2]). Salah satu pengklaim terkuatnya, John Balliol, Lord of Galloway, memutuskan persekutuan dengan Antony Bek, Uskup Durham, perwakilan Edward I di Skotlandia dan mulai menggelari dirinya sendiri dengan sebutan 'pewaris Skotlandia',[3] sementara yang lainnya, Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale, berbalik ke pihak pendukung Ratu Margaret dengan pasukan prajurit dan dirumorkan bahwa teman-temannya Earl of Mar dan Earl of Atholl juga menghimpun pasukan mereka.[4] Skotlandia menjadi menghadapi perang saudara.

Referensi

  1. ^ Powicke, Maurice, The Thirteenth Century, 1216–1307, 1963, ISBN 0-19-821708-0
  2. ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zqv2pv4/revision/6
  3. ^ Stevenson, J., Documents Illustrative of the History of Scotland, 1870
  4. ^ Barrow, Geoffrey W.S., Robert Bruce & The Community of The Realm of Scotland, 1988, ISBN 0-85224-604-8

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