Lir

Lir adalah mesin berputar berporos vertikal yang dikembangkan untuk digunakan di kapal layar guna melipatgandakan gaya tarik pelaut saat mengangkut tali, kabel, dan tali tambang . Prinsipnya mirip dengan mesin kerek, yaitu memiliki poros horizontal.

Sejarah

Bentuk awal

Pada bentuknya yang paling awal, lir terdiri dari kayu yang dipasang secara vertikal melalui struktur bejana yang dapat diputar bebas. Pengungkit, yang disebut palang, dimasukkan melalui lubang di bagian atas kayu dan digunakan untuk memutar lir. Seutas tali yang dililitkan beberapa putaran pada drum kemudian ditarik. Sebuah roda gigi searah yang belum sempurna disediakan untuk menahan ketegangan. Tali selalu dililit searah jarum jam (dilihat dari atas).

Bentuk selanjutnya

Lir berevolusi menjadi drum atau tong kayu yang dipasang pada poros besi. Dua barel pada poros yang sama sering digunakan untuk memungkinkan orang di dua dek memberikan kekuatan pada jeruji. Lir kemudian seluruhnya terbuat dari besi, dengan roda gigi di kepala memberikan keuntungan mekanis ketika jeruji didorong berlawanan arah jarum jam. Salah satu bentuk lir dihubungkan dengan poros dan roda gigi ke mesin kerek jangkar di dek bawah. Di kapal sungai, lir terkadang digerakkan dengan tenaga uap.^[1]

Bentuk masa kini

Lir modern digerakkan secara listrik, hidrolik, pneumatik, atau melalui mesin pembakaran internal . Biasanya, kotak rodagigi digunakan yang menukar kecepatan yang dikurangi, relatif terhadap penggerak utama, untuk meningkatkan torsi .

Catatan

^ Affleck, Edward L. (2000). A Century of Paddlewheelers in the Pacific Northwest, the Yukon, and Alaska. Vancouver, BC: Alexander Nicholls Press. p.3. ISBN 0-920034-08-X.

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