Hak LGBT di Chechnya


Hak LGBT di Chechnya
Aktivitas sesama jenis legal?Hubungan seks antar laki-laki legal (sejak 1996)
Hukuman:
Hukuman fisik, penyiksaan, hukuman mati
Pengakuan pasangan sesama jenisHubungan sesama jenis tidak diakui
Perlindungan dari diskriminasiTidak ada

Hak lesbian, gay, biseksual dan transgender di Chechnya telah lama menjadi kekhawatiran organisasi-organisasi hak asasi manusia seperti Amnesty International dan Human Rights Watch. Chechnya merupakan wilayah Federasi Rusia, sehingga hukum LGBT Rusia berlaku. Namun, Chechnya merupakan republik semi-otonom di Rusia dengan undang-undangnya sendiri. Laki-laki yang berhubungan seks dengan laki-laki dapat diganjar hukuman mati, walaupun pemberlakuan hukuman mati secara resmi telah ditangguhkan. Selain itu, kelompok LGBT sama sekali tidak dilindungi, dan pemerintah malah mendukung pembunuhan orang yang diduga homoseksual oleh anggota keluarga mereka.

Semenjak Maret 2017, telah terjadi penindasan komunitas gay di Chechnya setelah beberapa laki-laki gay diculik, ditahan, dipukuli dan disiksa.[1][2] Lebih dari seratus orang (dan kemungkinan ratusan orang) telah menjadi sasaran.[1] Paling tidak tiga orang tewas,[3] walaupun jumlah korban tewas secara keseluruhan dilaporkan dapat mencapai 20.[4] Jumlah korban penculikan dan pembunuhan secara pasti tidak diketahui.[2] Panel penasihat ahli di Dewan Hak Asasi Manusia Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa melaporkan pada awal April 2017 bahwa "ini adalah tindakan penindasan dan kekerasan dengan skala yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya di kawasan tersebut dan merupakan pelanggaran serius kewajiban hak asasi manusia Federasi Rusia."[2]

Aspek budaya

Sebagian besar warga Chechnya menganut agama Islam konservatif dan homoseksualitas dianggap tabu.[1] Setelah terjadinya Perang Chechnya Pertama dan Kedua, masyarakat Chechnya "menjadi semakin konservatif" di bawah kepemimpinan Presiden Akhmad Kadyrov dan anaknya, Ramzan Kadyrov.[3] Di Chechnya, Presiden Rusia Vladimir Putin "telah memberdayakan pemimpin-pemimpin setempat untuk menegakkan nilai-nilai tradisional Muslim versi mereka, salah satu alasannya adalah untuk mengkooptasi ekstremisme Islam."[2] Human Rights Watch melaporkan pada tahun bahwa "sangat sulit untuk melebih-lebihkan betapa rentannya kelompok LGBT di Chechnya, di mana homofobia sangat intens dan menyebar luas. Kelompok LGBT tidak hanya menghadapi bahaya penindasan oleh pemerintah, tetapi juga terancam menjadi korban "pembunuhan kehormatan" oleh anggota keluarga mereka karena dianggap telah menodai kehormatan keluarga."[5] Ramzan Kadyrov telah mendukung pembunuhan di luar hukum oleh anggota keluarga sebagai alternatif penegakan hukum - kadang-kadang laki-laki gay di penjara dilepaskan lebih awal agar dapat dibunuh oleh anggota keluarga mereka.[6]

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c Shaun Walker, Chechens tell of prison beatings and electric shocks in anti-gay purge: 'They called us animals' Diarsipkan 2017-05-21 di Wayback Machine., The Guardian (April 13, 2017).
  2. ^ a b c d Sewell Chan, U.N. Experts Condemn Killing and Torture of Gay Men in Chechnya Diarsipkan 2017-04-28 di Wayback Machine., New York Times (April 13, 2017).
  3. ^ a b Russia asked to end alleged killings of gays in Chechnya Diarsipkan 2017-04-15 di Wayback Machine., Associated Press (April 13, 2017).
  4. ^ Mary Emily O'Hara, Pleas for Help From Gay Men in Chechnya on Rise, Russian Group Says Diarsipkan 2017-05-16 di Wayback Machine., NBC News (April 12, 2017).
  5. ^ Tanya Lokshina, Anti-LGBT Violence in Chechnya Diarsipkan 2017-05-18 di Wayback Machine. Human Rights Watch (April 4, 2017).
  6. ^ Smith, Lydia (11 April 2017). "'People are being tortured and killed': Chechnya's deadly anti-LGBT crisis". International Business News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-10-09. Diakses tanggal 12 April 2017. 

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