Gluten

Gluten adalah campuran amorf (bentuk tak beraturan) dari protein yang terkandung bersama pati dalam endosperma (dan juga tepung yang dibuat darinya) beberapa serealia, terutama gandum, gandum hitam, dan jelai. Dari ketiganya, gandumlah yang paling tinggi kandungan glutennya. Kandungan gluten dapat mencapai 80% dari total protein dalam tepung, dan terdiri dari protein gliadin dan glutenin. Gluten membuat adonan kenyal dan dapat mengembang karena bersifat kedap udara.^[1]

Gluten dapat digunakan untuk membuat daging imitasi (terutama daging ayam dan bebek) untuk hidangan vegetarian dan vegan. Tepung roti banyak mengandung gluten, sementara tepung kue lebih sedikit. Ada sejumlah orang yang tidak dapat mengonsumsi gluten karena reaksi daya tahan tubuh merusak dinding usus halus, dan hanya dapat ditangani bila penderita tidak makan gluten seumur hidup.

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^ [1] Diarsipkan 2012-05-14 di Wayback Machine. Edwards et al. (2003) Role of gluten and its components in determining durum semolina dough viscoelastic properties. Cereal chem. 80:755-763

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