Fideicommissum

Fideicommissum merupakan istilah hukum yang mengacu kepada permintaan dari penulis wasiat kepada pewarisnya untuk menjalankan kewajiban tertentu demi keuntungan pihak ketiga, seperti pemberian uang atau harta benda. Pada awalnya kewajiban ini merupakan kewajiban moral dan bukan kewajiban hukum, tetapi Kaisar Augustus kemudian menjadikan fideicommissum sebagai kewajiban bagi pewaris dan juga memastikan bahwa kewajiban tersebut dapat ditegakkan lewat prosedur baru yang disebut cognitio extra ordinem di hadapan seorang hakim khusus yang diangkat untuk keperluan ini, yaitu praetor fideicommissarius.[1]

Teks dan terjemahan

"Inprimis igitur sciendum est opus esse, ut aliquis heres recto iure instituatur eiusque fidei committatur, ut eam hereditatem alii restituat; alioquin inutile est testamentum in quo nemo recto iure heres instituitur."
("Pertama-tama kita tahu apa yang dibutuhkan, yaitu seorang pewaris telah ditunjuk dan berkomitmen untuk menyerahkan pewarisan kepada yang lain; jika tidak surat wasiat yang tidak mengangkat pewaris dianggap batal demi hukum.")
—Institutiones Justiniani, 2.23.1
'"'Verba autem [utilia] fideicommissorum haec [recte] maxime in usu esse uidentur peto, rogo, volo, fidei committo; quae proinde firma singula sunt, atque si omnia in unum congesta sint."
("Kata-kata yang dengan tepat digunakan untuk menetapkan fideicommissum adalah "saya memohon", "saya meminta", "saya berharap", "saya mempercayakan"; [kata-kata] ini cukup secara tersendiri, tetapi juga [berlaku] jika digabung.")
—Institutiones Justiniani, 2.23.2

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Adolf Berg, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law (American Philosophical Society, 1980, 1991), hlm. 470–471

Bacaan lanjut

  • Borkowski, Andrew, and Paul du Plessis. Textbook on Roman Law, 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • Buckland, William Warwick. The Main Institutions of Roman Private Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1931.
  • Curzon, L. B. Roman Law. London: Macdonald & Evans Ltd., 1966.
  • Der Neue Pauly. Edited by Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider. Stuttgart et al.: J.B. Metzler Verlag, Vol. 2: 1997; Vol. 4: 1998; Vol. 7: 1999.
  • Kaser, Max. Roman Private Law, 2nd ed. Translation by Rolf Dannenbring of Romisches Privatrecht, 6th ed. London: Butterworths, 1968.
  • Watson, Alan. Roman Private Law around 200 BC. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1971.


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