Dimitrije Ljotić

Dimitrije Ljotić
Menteri Kehakiman Yugoslavia
Masa jabatan
16 Februari 1931 – 17 Agustus 1931
Penguasa monarkiAleksandar I
Perdana MenteriPetar Živković
Informasi pribadi
Lahir(1891-08-12)12 Agustus 1891
Beograd, Kerajaan Serbia
Meninggal23 April 1945(1945-04-23) (umur 53)
Ajdovščina, Yugoslavia Federal Demokratis[1]
Partai politikGerakan Nasional Yugoslavia (Zbor)
Afiliasi politik
lainnya
Partai Rakyat Radikal (1920–27)
Suami/istriIvka Mavrinac (1920–45)
HubunganMilan Nedić (sepupu)
Milutin Nedić (sepupu)
Anak3
Orang tuaVladimir Ljotić
Ljubica Stanojević
AlmamaterUniversitas Beograd
ProfesiPengacara
Karier militer
Pihak Kerajaan Serbia
 Kerajaan Yugoslavia
Dinas/cabangAngkatan darat
Masa dinas
  • 1912–13
  • 1914–20
Pangkat Kopral
Pertempuran/perangPerang Balkan
Perang Dunia I
Sunting kotak info
Sunting kotak info • L • B
Bantuan penggunaan templat ini

Dimitrije Ljotić (Abjad Kiril Serbia: Димитрије Љотић; 12 Agustus 1891 – 23 April 1945) adalah seorang politikus dan ideolog fasis Serbia dan Yugoslavia yang mendirikan Gerakan Nasional Yugoslavia (Zbor) pada tahun 1935 dan bekerja sama dengan otoritas pendudukan Jerman di Wilayah Komandan Militer di Serbia[2] selama Perang Dunia II.

Dia bergabung dengan Tentara Serbia setelah pecahnya Perang Balkan, bertempur di pihak Serbia selama Perang Dunia I dan tetap aktif dalam dinas militer sampai tahun 1920, ketika dia memutuskan untuk terjun ke politik. Ia bergabung dengan Partai Rakyat Radikal pada tahun itu dan menjadi wakil pimpinan regional Distrik Smederevo pada tahun 1930. Pada tahun 1931, ia diangkat menjadi Menteri Kehakiman Yugoslavia oleh Raja Aleksandar I tetapi mengundurkan diri setelah berselisih paham dengan raja terkait sistem politik Yugoslavia. Ljotić mendirikan Zbor pada tahun 1935. Partai tersebut hanya menerima sedikit dukungan dari publik Serbia yang kebanyakan membenci Jerman dan tidak pernah memenangkan lebih dari 1 persen suara dalam pemilihan parlemen Yugoslavia tahun 1935 dan 1938. Ljotić ditangkap menjelang pemilihan 1938 dan dirawat di rumah sakit jiwa setelah pihak berwenang menuduhnya "mabuk agama". Dia dan pendukungnya menentang keras Perjanjian Cvetković–Maček tahun 1939. Zbor dinyatakan sebagai organisasi ilegal oleh pemerintah Yugoslavia, sehingga memaksa Ljotić bersembunyi sampai April 1941, ketika pasukan Poros menginvasi Yugoslavia. Ljotić diundang oleh Jerman untuk bergabung dengan pemerintah boneka pimpinan Milan Aćimović untuk menjadi komisaris ekonomi. Tawaran itu ia tolak, karena dia tak ingin memainkan peran sekunder dalam pemerintahan. Namun, ia tetap berpengaruh secara tidak langsung dalam pemerintahan boneka setelah dua teman terdekatnya dipilih Jerman sebagai komisaris. Pada bulan September 1941, Jerman mengzinkan Ljotić membentuk Detasemen Sukarelawan Serbia, yang kemudian berganti nama menjadi Korps Sukarelawan Serbia (SDK).

Ljotić dituding sebagai pengkhianat oleh pemerintah Yugoslavia di pengasingan serta panglima Chetnik Draža Mihailović pada Juli 1942. Ia dan pejabat kolaborator Serbia lainnya meninggalkan Beograd pada Oktober 1944 dan pergi ke Slovenia, guna mengadakan serangan terhadap Negara Merdeka Kroasia (NDH). Antara Maret dan April, Ljotić dan Mihailović menyetujui aliansi melawan Partisan Yugoslavia yang berhaluan Komunis dan pasukan mereka bersatu di bawah pimpinan Jenderal Chetnik Miodrag Damjanović pada 27 Maret. Ljotić tewas dalam kecelakaan mobil di Slovenia pada tanggal 23 April dan dimakamkan di Šempeter pri Gorici. Upacara pemakamannya dipimpin oleh Uskup Nikolaj Velimirović dan Patriark Ortodoks Serbia Gavrilo Dožić, yang dibebaskan dari kamp konsentrasi Dachau pada bulan Desember tahun sebelumnya. Pada awal Mei, Damjanović memimpin pasukan gabungan SDK–Chetnik menuju Italia barat laut, di mana mereka menyerah kepada Inggris dan ditempatkan di kamp-kamp tahanan. Banyak anggotanya diekstradisi ke Yugoslavia, di mana ribuan orang dieksekusi oleh Partisan dan dimakamkan di kuburan massal di dataran tinggi Kočevski Rog. Anggota lainnya berimigrasi ke negara barat, di mana mereka mendirikan organisasi diaspora yang dimaksudkan untuk mempromosikan agenda politik Zbor.

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Mihók 2009, hlm. 486.
  2. ^ Hehn 1971.

Daftar pustaka

  • Hehn, Paul N. (1971). "Serbia, Croatia and Germany 1941–1945: Civil War and Revolution in the Balkans". Canadian Slavonic Papers. University of Alberta. 13 (4): 344–373. doi:10.1080/00085006.1971.11091249. JSTOR 40866373. 
  • Mihók, Brigitte (2009). Handbuch des Antisemitismus: Judenfeindschaft in Geschichte und Gegenwart [Handbook of anti-Semitism: Hatred of Jews, Past and Present] (dalam bahasa Jerman). 2. Munich: K. G. Saur Verlag. ISBN 978-3-598-24072-0. 


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