Bintang Merah

Halaman depan Bintang Merah dari 7 November 1946

Bintang Merah adalah sebuah majalah Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) yang diterbit di Jakarta dari tahun 1945 sampai 1948 dan lagi dari 1950 sampai 1965 dan sekali lagi dari tahun 1950 sampai 1965. Majalah ini mendeskripsikan dirinya sebagai majalah politik dan teori Marxis-Leninis.

Sejarah

Majalah ini mulai terbit pada akhir Perang Dunia II dengan kepergian pasukan Jepang dari Indonesia. Namun, majalah ini dibredel pada tahun 1948 selama Peristiwa Madiun bersama dengan surat kabar komunis lainnya seperti Buruh, Revolusioner, dan Suara Ibu Kota.[1] Dengan dibredelnya semua surat kabar, Musso, pemimpin PKI, melalui Radio Gelora Pemoeda, mengecam pemerintahan Soekarno dan Mohammad Hatta, dengan menyatakan bahwa mereka mengikuti kebijakan kapitulasi terhadap Belanda dan bahwa mereka naik ke tampuk kekuasaan pada masa pendudukan Jepang di Hindia Belanda karena memiliki hubungan dengan Jepang.[2]

Pada masa awal kemerdekaan, keberpihakan politik di Indonesia bergeser dan Komunis menjadi lebih dekat dengan Soekarno. Pada bulan Agustus 1950, majalah ini diizinkan untuk kembali terbit dua kali sebulan.[3] Staf redaksi yang baru adalah D.N. Aidit, M.H. Lukman, Njoto, dan Peris Pardede. Namun, mereka masih menghadapi penganiayaan; pada bulan Agustus 1951, terjadi penangkapan massal terhadap kaum kiri dari berbagai partai di Jawa Timur, dan redaktur (dan anggota komite pusat PKI) Oloan Hutapea termasuk di antara mereka, bersama dengan redaktur Trompet Masjarakat, Republik, dan redaktur sejumlah surat kabar Tionghoa di Indonesia.[4] Hal ini terjadi setelah penggerebekan yang dilakukan sebelumnya terhadap orang-orang Komunis di Jawa Timur, yang disebut oleh Hutapea sebagai "politik demoralisasi" yang dilancarkan oleh pemerintah.[5]

Bintang Merah mengklaim memiliki oplah 10.000 pada akhir tahun 1950, namun secara bertahap menurun hingga di bawah 8.000 pada tahun 1953. Oplahnya dikalahkan oleh koran partai lain, Harian Rakjat, yang naik dari 2.000 oplah pada 1951 menjadi 15.000 oplah pada 1953.[6]

Tidak jelas berapa lama majalah ini berhenti terbit, namun sebuah laporan dari awal tahun 1964 melaporkan bahwa Bintang Merah kembali diizinkan untuk terbit.[7] Namun, majalah ini ditutup secara permanen pada tahun 1965 dengan pelarangan Partai Komunis Indonesia setelah Gerakan 30 September. Sebagian besar redakturnya menghadapi pengadilan dan menjadi tahanan politik atau dieksekusi. Oloan Hutapea melarikan diri dan hidup dalam persembunyian selama beberapa tahun, dan akhirnya terbunuh dalam baku tembak dengan polisi di Blitar, Jawa Timur pada tahun 1968.[8]

Referensi

  1. ^ "Soekarno Dictator Maar Madioen is Rood De Verbitterden en Wanhopigen aan de Zijde van Moezo". De locomotief : Samarangsch handels- en advertentie-blad. 21 September 1948. 
  2. ^ "Linkse bladen verboden". De nieuwsgier. 21 September 1948. 
  3. ^ Hindley, Donald. The Communist Party of Indonesia: 1951–1963. Univ of California Press, 1966.
  4. ^ "De arrestaties in Oost-Java". Nieuwe courant. 20 August 1951. 
  5. ^ "Weer een protest van de P. K. I." De vrije pers : ochtendbulletin. 26 June 1951. 
  6. ^ Hindley, Donald. The Communist Party of Indonesia: 1951–1963. Univ of California Press, 1966.
  7. ^ "Bintang Merah weer verschenen". De waarheid. 9 January 1964. 
  8. ^ "Indonesische communist gedood". Tubantia (dalam bahasa Belanda). July 11, 1968. 

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