Akhu Muslim

Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh al-Ḥusaynī (fl. 965–974) lebih dikenal sebagai Akhu Muslim ("saudara Muslim"), adalah seorang syarif Bani Husain dan gubernur Palestina untuk Ikhsyidiyah. Ia menentang pengambilalihan provinsi oleh al-Hasan bin Ubayd Allah bin Tughj dan bergabung dengan Qaramitah, berperang bersama mereka melawan Fathimiyah sampai tahun 974. Setelah kekalahan invasi Qaramitah kedua ke Mesir pada tahun itu, Akhu Muslim melarikan diri ke Arabia, dikejar oleh agen-agen Fathimiyah. Ia akhirnya dikhianati oleh sekutu-sekutu Qaramitah-nya, yang meracuninya di dekat Basrah.

Keluarga

Akhu Muslim adalah keturunan Husain bin Ali^[a] melalui Ali Zainal Abidin, yang menetap di Madinah setelah kematian Husain dalam Pertempuran Karbala. Di sana, keluarga Husain menjadi keluarga lokal yang paling terkemuka, dan pada awal abad ke-10, beberapa dari mereka bermigrasi ke Mesir.^[2]

Ayah Akhu Muslim, Ubayd Allah, dan pamannya, al-Hasan, menetap di Ramla, kota utama Palestina.^[3] Akhu Muslim memiliki dua kakak laki-laki: Abu Ja'far Muslim, kakak laki-laki, yang dianggap sebagai Bani Ali terkemuka pada masanya dan yang setelahnya Akhu Muslim sendiri dijuluki, dan Abu'l-Husayn Isa.^[4]^[3] Akhu Muslim menikah dengan Sufia, saudara perempuan emir Makkah, Ja'far bin Muhammad al-Hasani.^[5]^[6]

Pelarian ke Arab dan kematian

Ketika ia mendarat di pelabuhan Aynuna, ia kembali hampir ditangkap oleh patroli Fatimiyah: para prajurit menyita mantelnya, tetapi ia memotongnya dengan pedangnya dan berhasil lolos dari kejaran berkat kecepatan kudanya.^[5] Ia menetap di masjid besar Madinah untuk sementara waktu, sampai pemberitahuan penangkapannya dipasang di seluruh kota; ia kemudian pindah, menuju al-Ahsa, ibu kota negara Qaramitah, Bahrayn.^[5]

Orang-orang Qarmati memberinya sambutan dan dukungan yang minim, dan Akhu Muslim sekali lagi berangkat, sekarang bertekad untuk mencari bantuan dari Buwaihi di Bagdad. Namun, ia dikhianati oleh mantan sekutunya: diancam oleh Buwaihi, orang-orang Qarmati telah membuka negosiasi dengan Fathimiyah, dan sebagai tanda itikad baik, bergerak untuk melenyapkan Akhu Muslim yang merepotkan. Salah satu agen mereka mengikutinya, dan meracuni susunya. Setelah banyak penderitaan, Akhu Muslim meninggal keesokan paginya, di dekat Basrah.^[7] Jandanya, yang telah bersembunyi dan harta bendanya di Mesir telah disita, menerima amnesti atas perantaraan saudaranya, Emir Makkah, yang sekarang mengakui kedaulatan Fathimiyah.^[6]

Catatan

^ Silsilah lengkapnya diberikan oleh al-Maqrizi sebagai "Abd Allah ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Tahir ibn Yahya ibn al-Hasan ibn Ja'far ibn Ubayd Allah ibn al-Husayn al-Asghar ibn Ali Zayn al-Abidin bin al-Husayn bin Ali".^[1]

Referensi

^ Bianquis 1972, hlm. 56–57 (note 2).
^ Mortel 1991, hlm. 64.
^ ^a ^b Gil 1997, hlm. 327.
^ Bianquis 1972, hlm. 56.
^ ^a ^b ^c Bianquis 1972, hlm. 101.
^ ^a ^b Halm 2003, hlm. 116.
^ Bianquis 1972, hlm. 101–102.

Sumber

Bianquis, Thierry (1972). "La prise de pouvoir par les Fatimides en Égypte (357‑363/968‑974)" [The Seizure of Power by the Fatimids in Egypt (357–363/968–974)]. Annales islamologiques (dalam bahasa French). XI: 49–108. ISSN 0570-1716.
Gil, Moshe (1997). A History of Palestine, 634–1099. Diterjemahkan oleh Ethel Broido. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-59984-9.
Halm, Heinz (2003). Die Kalifen von Kairo: Die Fatimiden in Ägypten, 973–1074 [The Caliphs of Cairo: The Fatimids in Egypt, 973–1074] (dalam bahasa Jerman). Munich: C. H. Beck. ISBN 3-406-48654-1.
Mortel, Richard T. (1991). "The Origins and Early History of the Husaynid Amirate of Madīna to the End of the Ayyūbid Period". Studia Islamica. 74: 63–78. doi:10.2307/1595897. JSTOR 1595897.

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