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駐沖繩美軍強姦12歲少女事件

駐沖繩美軍強姦12歲少女事件 (日语:沖縄米兵少女暴行事件),指的是在1995年9月4日三名非裔美國軍人沖繩縣綁架一名12歲的日本小學女生,並強姦及虐打她。[1]根據《美日安保條約》第六條「美日地位協定英语U.S.–Japan Status of Forces Agreement」,涉案的三名罪犯曾一度不被轉交給日方,這令日本輿論为之譁然,引爆了沖繩一直存在的反駐日美軍基地的情緒,也掀起了全國範圍的反美抗議。[2][3][4]此外,被告家屬最初曾聲稱日本官員種族歧視,指他們三人被起訴是因為他們的非裔身份,但最後他們收回了言論。[5]

事件概要

1995年9月4日8時左右,駐紮在沖繩漢森營美國海軍軍人馬庫斯·吉爾(Marcus Gill)、美國海軍陸戰隊軍人羅德里科·哈普(Rodrico Harp)及肯德里克·萊德(Kendrick Ledet)在基地租了一輛麵包車,然後用它綁架了一名正在沖繩北部購物區購物的12歲的女孩。他們用膠帶封住她的眼睛和嘴巴,綁住她的四肢,隨後被帶到附近海灘處,在車內施暴。案發後沖繩縣警方對三人發出逮捕令,要求美軍將其交出,但美軍以美日地位協定英语U.S.–Japan Status of Forces Agreement為由予以拒絕。後來,那霸地方法院發出起訴及反美情緒加劇,美軍才同意將這三人移交給日方。[6][7][1]

由於這三名肇事者是非裔美國人,他們的家屬最初曾多次向媒體聲稱這次逮捕是基於「種族主義」,但這一說法並未被採納,他們最後也撤回言論。[5]

引發冲绳反美

事件曝光後引發了冲绳公眾的反美情緒,尤其是因為在日美地位協定下,賦予了駐日美軍軍人一定的治外法權。儘管沖繩縣警察已在1995年9月7日發出逮捕令要求立即拘留涉案人士,但駐日美軍拒絕交出;一直到9月29日那霸地方法院正式起訴,美軍才將這三人移交給日方。[8]美軍的特權加上長年的罪案問題,最終引爆了沖繩人的反美軍基地情緒。沖繩縣議會、沖繩市議會、宜野灣市議會陸續通過了針對美軍行為的抗議決議。[9]同年10月21日,在宜野灣市舉行了抗議該事件的集會,沖繩縣知事太田正秀與約85000名縣民參加了集會,為自沖繩歸還後在當地規模最大的抗議活動。[10][11]這些抗議呼籲對沖繩的美軍基地進行重組和削減,以及修改美日部隊地位協定。太田正秀甚至拒絕在美軍基地所需的文件上簽名。[12]由於這事件已發展成嚴重的政治問題,日美兩國成立了「日美聯合委員會(日米合同委員会)」,檢視日美駐軍地位協定第17條5(c)。美國同意,以後在嚴重的惡性罪案上,會積極考慮日方的移交請求。[13][14]

審判

1996年3月7日,那霸地方法院判處三人有期徒刑,美國海軍軍人馬庫斯·吉爾和美國海軍陸戰隊軍人羅德里科·哈普被判七年監禁,海軍陸戰隊軍人肯德里克·萊德被判六年監禁。[15]

餘波

美國海軍上將理查德·切斯特·馬克(Richard C. Macke)是時任的太平洋司令部指揮官。在1995年11月的新聞發布會上,馬克談到這些人的行為時說︰「我認為這些行為絕對是愚蠢的。我已經說過好幾次了,他們租用汽車所支付的費用,本來就可以用來召妓。」他的言論隨即被譴責是麻木不仁及歧視女性。他其後被免去指揮官職位並被迫提早退休, 軍銜也從海軍上將降為少將,這使他的退休金從每月7384美元減少到每月5903美元。[16]

這三名男子在日本監獄服刑,於2003年獲釋,並處以不名譽退伍。 獲釋後,羅德里科·哈普指責日本的監獄條件惡劣,並說他被迫從事的電子零件組裝的行為相當於奴隸勞動。[17]

2006年8月20日、涉案人之一的肯德里克·萊德在佐治亞州強姦並殺害一名女大學生勞倫·庫珀 (Lauren Cooper),他其後不久也自殺。[18][19]

2008年,根據此事件改編的美國電影第一次呼吸》上映。據《星條旗報》報導,導演團隊表示這部電影將在沖繩的一個基地放映,希望新兵們觀看,但海軍陸戰隊發言人指這不是一部值得觀看的電影,並指放映活動不合適。[20]

2011年12月,時任防衛大臣一川保夫因不知道強姦案的細節而受到自民黨的譴責。在2012年1月13日的內閣改組中,田中直紀取代了一川保夫。[21][22]

相關事件

引用文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 沖縄の悲劇~米軍関係者による事件 写真特集:時事ドットコム. 時事ドットコム. [2021-12-28]. (原始内容存档于2020-04-25) (日语). 
  2. ^ Thousands rally against U.S. bases in Okinawa. CNN. 21 October 1995 [11 April 2008]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-11). 
  3. ^ Road deaths ignite Korean anti-Americanism. International Herald Tribune. 1 August 2002 [11 April 2008]. (原始内容存档于15 September 2007). 
  4. ^ Okinawa women document U.S. military sex crimes in book | The Asahi Shimbun: Breaking News, Japan News and Analysis. The Asahi Shimbun. [2021-12-28]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-16) (英语). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Wife Pleads Marine's Case in Okinawa Rape Trial : Justice: Spouse says her husband, accused in brutal attack on schoolgirl, is a gentle and intelligent man. Los Angeles Times. December 5, 1995 [13 October 2013]. (原始内容存档于2013-10-22). 
  6. ^ 米兵の性暴力刻み25年 冊子改訂続く現実 「政府や米軍、どう見る」. 西日本新聞me. [2021-12-28]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-02) (日语). 1995年9月4日晚,三名美軍士兵在沖繩本島北部的一個居民區租了一輛汽車,襲擊了一名路過的女小學生。 沖繩縣警方對三人發出逮捕令,要求美軍交出,但美方以日美部隊地位協定為由予以拒絕。 起訴後,三人被移送日方,確認有期徒刑6至7年。 
  7. ^ Teresa Watanabe "Okinawa Rape Suspect's Lawyer Gives Dark Account : Japan: Attorney of accused Marine says co-defendant admitted assaulting 12-year-old girl 'just for fun'". 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆Los Angeles Times October 28, 1995
  8. ^ "Americans Charged In Rape in Okinawa页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)" The New York Times. September 29, 1995
  9. ^ 米軍人による女子小学生暴行傷害事件に関する沖縄県議会抗議決議 - データベース「世界と日本」. worldjpn.grips.ac.jp. [2021-12-28]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-02). 
  10. ^ 高田佳典. 沖縄「怒りで島が揺れた」 米兵の少女暴行に抗議、あの日から25年. 西日本新聞. 2020-10-21 [2021-11-19]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-29). 
  11. ^ 普天間返還合意のきっかけ 1995年沖縄県民大会あす20年. 沖縄タイムス+プラス. [2021-12-28]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-28) (日语). 
  12. ^ 反基地運動のうねり:時事ドットコム. 時事ドットコム. [2021-12-28]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-30) (日语). 
  13. ^ Watanabe, Teresa. "U.S., Japan OK Pact on Military Crime Suspects页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)" Los Angeles Times, October 26, 1995
  14. ^ 外務省: 日米地位協定第17条5(c)及び、刑事裁判手続に係る日米合同委員会合意. www.mofa.go.jp. [2021-12-28]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-03). 
  15. ^ NHK. 沖縄 米兵暴行事件に怒り爆発. テレビ60年 特選コレクション | NHKアーカイブス. [2021-12-28]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-14) (日语). 
  16. ^ Eisman, Dale. Retired Pacific Admiral is Censured "Unduly Familiar" Relationship with Marine Corps Office is Cited.. The Virginian-Pilot. 16 October 1996 [8 November 2007]. (原始内容存档于14 December 2007). 
  17. ^ Allen, David. Ex-Marine decries nature of Japan prison work. Stars and Stripes, Pacific Edition. 18 July 2004 [4 April 2007]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-13). 
  18. ^ Allen, D. "Former Marine who sparked Okinawa furor is dead in suspected murder-suicide.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)" Stars and Stripes, Pacific Edition, 25 August 2006.
  19. ^ Fagen, Cynthia. MARINE IN SLAY SUICIDE – WAS JAILED FOR '95 CHILD RAPE. New York Post. 24 August 2006 [30 July 2017]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-24). 
  20. ^ Allen, David. Film inspired by rape of Okinawa girl by U.S. troops. Stars and Stripes. 14 December 2008 [2021-12-28]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-03). 
  21. ^ The Japan Times Upper House censures ministers - Ichikawa, Yamaoka censured in Diet December 10, 2011页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Retrieved on August 16, 2012
  22. ^ The Japan Times New Noda Cabinet on tax push January 14, 2012页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Retrieved on August 16, 2012
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