飞燕草属（學名：Consolida）是毛茛科下的一个属，现在一般作为翠雀属的一个亚属，即飞燕草亚属（學名：Delphinium subg. Consolida）。现在该属共有约50种，为一年生草本植物，分布于地中海地区和亚洲中西部。[1]曾有学者认为飞燕草属中的部分种应独立成乌头飞燕草属（學名：Aconitella），然而分子系统发生学研究表明，乌头飞燕草属应与飞燕草属应合并，二者共同组成了翠雀属的一个分支。[2]
形态
飞燕草亚属的形态与翠雀属其它亚属有一定差异。飞燕草亚属只有一片合生花瓣，单心皮；[3]翠雀属其他亚属所有花瓣离生，具有一对上花瓣（或称蜜叶）和一对下花瓣（或称退化雄蕊），心皮3-5。[4]
用途
飞燕草亚属有许多种可做观赏植物。飞燕草（學名：Delphinium ajacis）是非常流行的一年生草花，花色丰富，有单瓣品种也有重瓣品种。田野飞燕草（學名：Delphinium consolida）和近苞飞燕草（學名：Delphinium hispanicum）也常见栽培。
飞燕草（Delphinium ajacis）
飞燕草（Delphinium ajacis）的粉红重瓣品种
近苞飞燕草（Delphinium hispanicum）
田野飞燕草（Delphinium consolida）的果实与种子
物种
飞燕草亚属有50多个种。[5][6]
- 乌头飞燕草 Delphinium aconiti = Consolida aconiti = Aconitella aconiti
- 飞燕草 Delphinium ajacis = Consolida ajacis = Consolida ambigua
- 拟乌头飞燕草 Delphinium anthoroideum = Consolida anthoroidea = Aconitella anthoroidea
- 沙生飞燕草 Delphinium arenarium = Consolida arenaria
- 西亚美尼亚飞燕草 Delphinium armeniacum = Consolida armeniaca
- 密毛飞燕草 Delphinium aucheri = Consolida aucheri
- 腋花飞燕草 Delphinium axilliflorum = Consolida axilliflora
- 髯毛飞燕草 Delphinium barbatum = Consolida barbata = Aconitella barbata
- 短距飞燕草 Delphinium brevicorne = Consolida brevicornis
- 弯果飞燕草 Delphinium camptocarpum = Consolida camptocarpa
- 黎叙飞燕草 Delphinium coelesyriacum = Consolida coelesyriaca
- 田野飞燕草 Delphinium consolida = Consolida regalis
- 角瓣飞燕草 Delphinium cornutum = Consolida cornuta
- 十字飞燕草 Delphinium cruciatum = Consolida cruciata
- 叙利亚沙漠飞燕草 Delphinium deserti-syriaci = Consolida deserti-syriaci
- 黄瓣飞燕草 Delphinium flavum = Consolida flava
- 腺毛飞燕草 Delphinium glandulosum = Consolida glandulosa
- 德鲁兹山飞燕草 Delphinium gombaultii = Consolida gombaultii
- 赫勒斯滂飞燕草 Delphinium hellesponticum = Consolida hellespontica
- 近苞飞燕草 Delphinium hispanicum = Consolida orientalis[7]
- 宽凹飞燕草 Delphinium hohenackeri = Consolida hohenackeri = Aconitella hohenackeri
- 白毛飞燕草 Delphinium incanum = Consolida incana
- 喀布尔飞燕草 Delphinium kabulianum = Consolida kabuliana
- 坎大哈飞燕草 Delphinium kandaharicum = Consolida kandaharica
- 细果飞燕草 Delphinium leptocarpum = Consolida leptocarpa
- 小金鱼飞燕草 Delphinium linarioides = Consolida linarioides
- 细纹飞燕草 Delphinium lineolatum = Consolida lineolata
- 洛雷斯坦飞燕草 Delphinium lorestanicum = Consolida lorestanica
- 马格里布飞燕草 Delphinium mauritanicum = Consolida mauritanica
- 少花飞燕草 Delphinium oliganthum = Consolida oligantha
- 土伊飞燕草 Delphinium oliverianum = Consolida oliveriana
- 全瓣飞燕草 Delphinium olopetalum = Consolida olopetala
- 波斯飞燕草 Delphinium persicum = Consolida persica
- 弗里吉亚飞燕草 Delphinium phrygium = Consolida phrygia
- 柔毛飞燕草 Delphinium pubescens = Consolida pubescens
- 矮飞燕草 Delphinium pusillum = Delphinium pygmaeum = Consolida pygmaea = Consolida pusilla
- 土耳其飞燕草 Delphinium raveyi = Consolida raveyi
- 凸脉飞燕草 Delphinium rugulosum = Consolida rugulosa
- 囊距飞燕草 Delphinium saccatum = Consolida saccata = Aconitella saccata
- 萨摩斯飞燕草 Delphinium samium = Consolida samia
- 克什米尔飞燕草 Delphinium schlagintweitii = Consolida schlagintweitii
- 硬枝飞燕草 Delphinium sclerocladum = Consolida scleroclada = Aconitella scleroclada
- 长蕊飞燕草 Delphinium staminosum = Consolida staminosa
- 安塔利亚飞燕草 Delphinium stapfianum = Consolida stapfiana
- 狭果飞燕草 Delphinium stenocarpum = Consolida stenocarpa = Aconitella stenocarpa
- 皱种飞燕草 Delphinium stocksianum = Consolida stocksiana
- 硫黄飞燕草 Delphinium sulphureum = Consolida sulphurea
- 德黑兰飞燕草 Delphinium teheranicum = Consolida teheranica = Aconitella teheranica
- 纤细飞燕草 Delphinium tenuissimum = Consolida tenuissima
- 钝片飞燕草 Delphinium thirkeanum = Consolida thirkeana = Aconitella thirkeana
- 绒毛飞燕草 Delphinium tomentosum = Consolida tomentosa
- 胡卢巴飞燕草 Delphinium trigonelloides = Consolida trigonelloides
- 科林斯飞燕草 Delphinium tuntasianum = Consolida tuntasiana
- 巴尔干飞燕草 Delphinium uechtritzianum = Consolida uechtritziana
参考文献
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| Consolida | |
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| Delphinium sect. Consolida | |
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