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颖神星

颖神星
发现
發現者安德魯·格雷厄姆
發現日期1848年4月25日
編號
命名依據墨提斯
其它名稱9 Metis、1974 QU2
小行星分類主帶
形容詞Metidian
軌道參數[1]
曆元 2004年7月14日(JD 2453200.5)
遠日點400.548 Gm (2.678 AU)
近日點313.556 Gm (2.096 AU)
半長軸357.052 Gm (2.387 AU)
離心率0.122
軌道週期1346.815 (3.69 a)
平均軌道速度19.21 km/s
平近點角274.183°
軌道傾角5.576°
升交點黃經68.982°
近日點參數5.489°
物理特徵
大小222×182×130 km[2]
235×195×140 km.[3][4][5]
190 km (Dunham)[1]
質量(1.47±0.20)×1019 kg[2]
平均密度4.12±1.33 g/cm³[2]
表面重力~0.070 m/s²
~0.11 km/s
自轉週期0.2116 d (5.079 h)[1]
反照率0.118 (geometric)[1]
溫度~173 K
max: 282 K (+9° C)[6]
光譜類型S-型小行星[7]
視星等8.1[8] to 11.83
絕對星等(H)6.28[1]
角直徑0.23" to 0.071"

穎神星9 Metis,亦稱9號小行星,符號:)是小行星帶較大的小行星之一,由矽酸鹽組成,並且有可能是古代一顆巨大的小行星撞擊后的核心殘留物。

發現和命名

穎神星是由安德鲁·格雷厄姆於1848年4月25日發現,是他發現的唯一一顆小行星。它也是唯一一顆在愛爾蘭觀測發現的小行星。名稱的由來是神話中的提坦女神海洋女神墨提斯,是忒提斯俄刻阿诺斯的女兒。忒提斯(墨提斯之母)這個名稱也曾經被提議,但後來被否決了(名稱後來被用在海女星)。中文译名来源于清代李善兰翻译的《谈天》一书。

特性

基於資料不明確,穎神星自轉方向至今仍不明。

光度曲線的分析顯示穎神星的自轉軸指向黃道座標 (β, λ) = (23°, 181°) 或 (9°, 359°),誤差在10°以內[4]。相對應的赤道座標是 (α, δ) = (12.7 h, 21°) 或 (23.7 h, 8°),對應的轉軸傾角則分別是72° 或 76°[來源請求]

哈伯太空望遠鏡的影像[5][9] 和光度曲線的分析[4]也認同穎神星有不規則的形狀,一端是細長的而另一端是寬厚的[4][9]。雷達的觀測建議有一個較大的平坦區域[10]與從光度曲線獲得的模型是一致的。估計表面的成分是30%至40%含有金屬的橄欖石和60%至70%的金屬[11]

穎神星的光度曲線資料也推導出他可能有衛星,但是後續的觀測尚無法證實這一點[12][13]。在1993年使用哈伯太空望遠鏡做的搜尋也沒有發現衛星[9]

家族關係

穎神星一度曾經被認為小行星族的穎神星族成員之一[14],但最近的調查認為这一族群並不存在,在本征轨道根数图中也看不出穎神星附近有星体叢集的迹象。

然而,光谱的分析發現穎神星和羊神星非常相似,因此建議這些小行星是非常古老(至少大約一億年)的動力學家族,更小的成員因為相互的撞擊而粉碎,或攝動而離開了鄰近的區域。推斷母天體的直徑大約在300公里至600公里之間(灶神星的尺寸),並且經歷過分化。穎神星可能是原封未動的核心殘骸,而羊神星是地函的碎片[11]。巧合的是,這兩顆小行星的名稱也被用在木星衛星的命名上。.

掩星

至少已經觀測過五次的穎神星掩星事件[15]

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 9 Metis. 2008-09-09 [10 November 2008]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-12). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Jim Baer. Recent Asteroid Mass Determinations. Personal Website. 2010 [13 February 2011]. (原始内容存档于2013-07-08). 
  3. ^ Baer, James; Steven R. Chesley. Astrometric masses of 21 asteroids, and an integrated asteroid ephemeris (PDF). Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy (Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007). 2007, 100 (2008): 27–42 [10 November 2008]. Bibcode:2008CeMDA.100...27B. doi:10.1007/s10569-007-9103-8. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-02-24). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 J. Torppa et al., Shapes and rotational properties of thirty asteroids from photometric data页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Icarus Vol. 164, p. 346 (2003).
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 A. D. Storrs et al., A closer look at main-belt asteroids 1: WF/PC images, Icarus Vol. 173, p. 409 (2005).
  6. ^ L. F. Lim et al., Thermal infrared (8–13 µm) spectra of 29 asteroids: the Cornell Mid-Infrared Asteroid Spectroscopy (MIDAS) Survey, Icarus Vol. 173, p. 385 (2005).
  7. ^ asteroid lightcurve data file (March 2001). [2007-06-25]. (原始内容存档于2010-01-17). 
  8. ^ Donald H. Menzel and Jay M. Pasachoff. A Field Guide to the Stars and Planets 2nd. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. 1983: 391. ISBN 0-395-34835-8. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Hubble Space Telescope observations (PDF). [2007-06-25]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2004-08-08). 
  10. ^ ,D. L. 米歇爾等人., Radar Observations of Asteroids 7 Iris, 9 Metis, 12 Victoria, 216 Kleopatra, and 654 Zelinda, Icarus Vol. 118, p. 105 (1995).
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Kelley, Michael S; Michael J. Gaffey. 9 Metis and 113 Amalthea: A Genetic Asteroid Pair. Icarus. 2000, 144 (1): 27–38. doi:10.1006/icar.1999.6266. 
  12. ^ research at IMCCE 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2002-06-12. (in French)
  13. ^ "other" reports of asteroid companions. [2007-06-25]. (原始内容存档于2007-02-10). 
  14. ^ J. G. Williams, Asteroid Families - An Initial Search, Icarus Vol. 96, p. 251 (1992).
  15. ^ W. M. Kissling et al., The diameter of (9) Metis from the Occultation of SAO 190531, Proceedings of the Astronomical Society of Australia Vol 9, p. 150 (1991).

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