阿维亚S-199

S-199
类型 戰鬥機
制造商 阿维亚
设计者 梅塞斯密特
首飞 1947-3
退役日期 1957
主要用户 捷克斯洛伐克空军
以色列空军
生產年份 1947–1949
制造数量 603
发展自 梅塞斯密特Bf 109

阿维亚S-199(Avia S-199)是第二次世界大战后制造的一款活塞发动机战斗机。因以色列装备,并在第一次中东战争(1948年阿以战争)中使用并取得战果而闻名。 该型飞机是德国梅塞斯密特Bf 109G-6s在战后的持续生产型,生产制造由捷克斯洛伐克接手。由于原配发动机毁于战火,阿维亚S-199的性能和可靠性不佳,在实际使用中发生过多次事故,捷克斯洛伐克飞行将其戏称为『Mezek』(骡子),而在缺少战机的早期以色列,正式昵称为『Sakeen』(匕首)。

研发历程

威利·梅塞施密特博士研制的Bf 109战斗机曾在被纳粹占领的捷克斯洛伐克由阿维亚(Avia)工厂生产。战后,该工厂被捷克斯洛伐克继承,并继续生产Bf 109G战斗机,并将其命名为S-99。

阿维亚工厂原本储备了一批戴姆勒DB 605 V-12发动机[1],准备用在S-99飞机上。但这批发动机却毁于战火。工厂最终将原本用在He 111轰炸机上的容克斯Jumo 211发动机改装至Bf 109G的机身上,阿维亚34-S-199战斗机应运而生。但此番改装后,飞机的可靠性却变差,性能甚至不如老款的Bf 109E。

出口以色列

1948年以色列建国,激起阿拉伯世界强烈反对,并导致第一次中东战争爆发,5个阿拉伯国家的联军攻入以色列,而当时世界上最大的武器保有国,均拒绝向以色列出口武器,美国国务院执行《中立法案》拒绝将武器出口至爆发武装冲突的国家,英国则更不友好,不仅出口武器给阿拉伯国家,还向其提供战机和培训配套[1]。苏联则由于反犹的历史传统,则更无可能将武器出口以色列。

以色列通过秘密渠道与战后重建需要资金的捷克斯洛伐克接触,后者正在国际市场兜售军火。最终捷克斯洛伐克同意向以色列出口25架S-199。包括武器、飞行员训练和辅助设备在内,每架战斗机售价18万美元[1]

型号

主要性能参数

参考注释

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Robert Gandt. The Czech Fighter That Helped Israel Win Its War of Independence. 《空天》杂志. 2019-9 [2019-10-13]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-04) (英语). 

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