加吉克一世(英语:Gagik I of Armenia)于989年至1020年间在位,其治国多年间阿尼权势达到顶峰。加吉克死后,其二子为继承权相争。兄长奥瓦涅斯-斯姆巴特(英语:Hovhannes-Smbat)(1020年-1041年在位)据有阿尼,其弟阿绍特四世(英语:Ashot IV of Armenia)(1020年-1040年在位)则控制王国其他地区。王国既弱,奥瓦涅斯-斯姆巴特忧心拜占庭将攻伐之,遂定拜占庭皇帝巴西尔二世继承其位。[17]1041年奥瓦涅斯-斯姆巴特死后,皇帝米海尔四世即宣称君临阿尼。阿尼新王加吉克二世(1042年-1045年在位)与拜占庭相抗,拜占庭数次调兵进攻阿尼,均未克。然于1046年阿尼终降于拜占庭,[5]此前加吉克应邀前往君士坦丁堡,被拘不返,阿尼人中又有心向拜占庭者于内煽动,城池于是失守。拜占庭任命主事官员管理之。[10]
操着波斯产的利剑,他们一个都不放过……那里能见到的悲痛与灾祸无论老幼。因为孩子们从母亲的怀抱中被夺走,被毫无慈悲地掷在岩石之上,而母亲们用血泪浸透孩子……城中从这头到那头满是遇害的尸体,【遇害的尸体】铺成了路【……】军队进城,屠戮城中,抢劫焚烧,留下废墟,还活着的人全部充作俘虏……死尸太多,充塞街道;不踏过去就不能走动。俘于城中者数量不下五万灵魂。我决心进城,用双眼观看这场毁灭。我努力寻找一条不用踏着尸体走过的街道,但不可能。
— 录自Norwich, John Julius. Byzantium: The Apogee. New York: Viking. 1991: 342–343. ISBN 978-0-394-53779-5.
1072年,塞尔柱人将阿尼售与信仰伊斯兰教的库尔德王家沙达德家族。[4]其家总体上对城中占压倒性数量的亚美尼亚人及基督徒人口采怀柔政策,实际也与巴格拉提德家族中数名族人通婚。每当沙达德之统治倾于过分苛厉,城人即呼请基督教王国格鲁吉亚予以帮助。格鲁吉亚人在1124年至1209年间曾数次攻克阿尼,[5]分别为1124年、1161年、1174年、1199年及1204年合五次。[19]前三次沙达德王朝均夺回阿尼。而1199年格鲁吉亚塔玛尔女王复克阿尼,于1201年将城交与姆哈尔格尔泽利家之扎卡列(英语:Zakare II Zakarian)(亞美尼亞語:Զաքարե,罗马化:Zak’are;喬治亞語:ზაქარია,罗马化:Zak’aria)及伊瓦涅(ივანე,罗马化:Ivane)二将管辖。[20]前者之位由其子沙希恩沙赫一世(Շահնշահ Ա,罗马化:Šahnšah A)继承。扎卡列所立新朝即扎卡良王朝,自居为巴格拉提德王朝之后继。阿尼迅即重获繁荣,城防加固、许多教堂新建。1226年蒙古人包围阿尼未果,然1236年其即破城而洗劫阿尼,屠戮城中大量人口。蒙古人之下扎卡良王族仍然管治阿尼,为格鲁吉亚君主之诸侯。[21]
此堂又称为圣天主之母教堂(Սուրբ Աստվածածին,罗马化:Sowrp Astvaçaçin),其营造工程始于公元989年,时为斯姆巴特二世(英语:Smbat II of Armenia)国王治下。国王去世后营造停摆,直至1001年方竣工(或曰1010年,是基于对其营造铭文之不同解读)。座堂之设计出自中世纪亚美尼亚名声最盛的建筑师梯里达底(英语:Trdat the architect)之手。此堂为带有穹顶的巴西利卡(其穹顶坍塌于1319年),其内部有数处特征领先时代,如使用尖券(pointed arch)与集墩(clustered pier)者,而赋予教堂以哥特式建筑的外观,领先一般所谓哥特式建筑数个世纪。[va 6]
^Talbot Rice, David. The Appreciation of Byzantine Art. Oxford University Press. 1972: 179. The interior of Ani cathedral, a longitudinal stone building with pointed vaults and a central dome, built about 1001, is astonishingly Gothic in every detail, and numerous other equally close parallels could be cited. 【阿尼主教座堂,一座带有尖券和中央穹顶的纵向石造建筑,建于1001年前后,其内部在每个角落都惊人地显示出哥特特征,还有其他众多同样密切相似之处可供援引。】 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
^Mokyr, Joel. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2003: 157. The struggle against Persian, Byzantine, and Arab political and economic domination, however, led to the restoration of the Armenian Kingdom (885–1045). Crafts and agricultural prospered. Its capital, Ani, famous for Armenian classical architecture, became one of the biggest cities in the world. 【然而,努力抗争波斯、拜占庭和阿拉伯在政治经济上的支配,其结果是亚美尼亚王国(885年-1045年)的恢复。手工业与农业繁荣一时。国家的都城阿尼成为世界上最大的城市之一,以亚美尼亚古典建筑闻名。】
^ 10.010.110.210.310.410.510.6Ghafadaryan, Karo. s.v. Ani. Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia 1. Armenian Academy of Sciences. 1974: 407–412 (亚美尼亚语).
^Mutafian, Claude. Hovannisian, Richard G. , 编. Ani after Ani: Eleventh to Seventeenth Centuries. Armenian Kars and Ani. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers. 2011: 163–164.
^Garsoian, Nina. Hovannisian, Richard G. , 编. The Arab Invasions and the Rise of the Bagratuni (649–684). The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I, The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century. New York: St Martin's Press. 1997: 146. ISBN 978-0-312-10169-5.
^Redgate, Anne Elizabeth. The Armenians. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. 1998: 210.
^Manuk-Khaloyan, Armen. In the Cemetery of their Ancestors: The Royal Burial Tombs of the Bagratuni Kings of Greater Armenia (890-1073/79). Revue des Études Arméniennes. 2013, 35: 147–155.
^Kalantar, Ashkharbek. The Mediaeval Inscriptions of Vanstan, Armenia. Civilisations du Proche-Orient: Series 2 – Philologie 2. Neuchâtel–Paris: Recherches et Publications. 1999. ISBN 978-2-940032-11-2.
^Marr, Nikolai Y. Ani, La Ville Arménniene en Ruines. Revue des Études Arméniennes. 1921, (1).
^Zohrabyan, Edik A. Սովետական Ռուսաստանը Եվ Հայ-Թուրքական Հարաբերությունները, 1920–1922 թթ. [Soviet Russia and Armenian-Turkish relations, 1920–1922]. Yerevan: Yerevan State University Press. 1979: 277–280 (亚美尼亚语).
^Անի. encyclopedia.am. Armenian Encyclopedia. [2022-08-23]. (原始内容存档于2018-10-01) (亚美尼亚语). Անիի զինանշանը` վազող հովազը 【阿尼以走豹为其象征】
^Ziflioğlu, Vercihan. Building a dialogue atop old ruins of Ani. Hürriyet. 2009-04-14. (原始内容存档于2016-07-12). The Turkish government’s practice of calling the town “Anı,” rather than Ani, in order to give it a more Turkish character... 【土耳其政府为了赋予此城更多土耳其特色而称其为「Anı」而非「Ani」的行为……】
^Vanadzin, Katie. Recent Publication Highlights Complexities of Uncovering the History of the Medieval City of Ani. Armenian Weekly. 2015-01-29 [2022-08-23]. (原始内容存档于2015-03-15). As Watenpaugh explains, 'Ani is so symbolic, so central for Armenians, as a religious site, as a cultural site, as a national heritage symbol, a symbol of nationhood.' 【按瓦登波解释,「对亚美尼亚人来说,阿尼是宗教遗迹、是文化遗迹、是国家遗产的象征,是国族意识的象征,它是如此具有象征意义,如此拥有核心地位。」】
Brosset, Marie-Félicité. Les Ruines d'Ani, Capital de l'Arménie sous les Rois Bagratides, aux Xe et XIe S, Histoire et Description, Ire Partie: Description, avec un Atlas de 24 Planches Lithographiées and IIe Partie: Histoire, avec un Atlas de 21 Planches Lithographiées. St Petersburg: Imperial Science Academy. 1860–1861 (法语).
Cowe, S. Peter. Ani: World Architectural Heritage of a Medieval Armenian Capital. Sterling, Virginia: Peeters. 2001.
Hakobyan, Tadevos. Անիի պատմություն. հնագույն ժամանակներից մինչև 1045 թ. [The History of Ani, from Ancient Times until 1045]. Yerevan State University Press. 1980 (亚美尼亚语).
Hakobyan, Tadevos. Անիի պատմություն (1045 թ. մինչև անկումն ու ամայացումը) [The History of Ani, from 1045 until its Collapse and Desolation]. Yerevan State University Press. 1982 (亚美尼亚语).
Kevorkian, Raymond. Ani – Capitale de l'Arménie en l'An Mil. 2001 (法语).
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