轉山

朝聖者抵達拉薩後開始磕长头。1938年。

轉山是一種藏傳佛教的朝聖（藏語：གནས་སྐོར，威利转写：gnas skor，nékor）簡述如下。

歷史和交通

2014年在路上磕长头的朝聖者，柏油路、塑料鞋、登山背囊等均為現代工業品。

現代西藏的朝聖文化是於1980年代才興起的，那時西藏文革結束不久，社會運作恢復。[1]據法國藏學家Katia Buffetrille（英语：Katia Buffetrille）親歷，1990年路上的朝聖者多坐馬車或氂牛拉車，而1999年路上則有不少開摩托車和長途大巴的朝聖者。[2]這些車行駛的柏油路大多是1950年代西藏土地改革运动期間修建的（例如川藏公路和青藏公路）。[3]

1980年代以前，拉薩轉山只有极少数西藏贵族和英雄才能做到。這是因為往拉薩的旅途至少半年，基於古代糧食不足、青藏高原地形歧嶇、氣候嚴寒、沿途人跡罕至补给困难。古人抵達佛寺不遠處方開始磕长头前進，從幾百里外的山間小徑開始磕长头則無可能。[3]

目的地

岡仁波齊

位于西藏阿里的冈仁波齐峰是藏传佛教最著名的圣山。

阿尼玛卿山

阿尼玛卿山是安多藏區神山。對阿尼玛卿山朝聖的現代考證以法國藏學家Katia Buffetrille（英语：Katia Buffetrille）較聞名，她在1990、1992和2002年三度朝聖。[2][1]

拉薩

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Buffetrille, Katia. The Evolution of a Tibetan Pilgrimage: The Pilgrimage to A myes rMa chen Mountain in the 21st Century. 當代藏學學術硏討會論文集：21世紀西藏議題. 台北: 蒙藏委員會. 2004 [2021-04-10]. ISBN 9570185155. （原始内容存档于2007-07-10）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Buffetrille, Katia. The Great Pilgrimage of A myes rma chen. Written Tradition, Living Realities. (PDF). MacDonald, Alexander W. (编). Mandala and Landscape. Delhi: DK Printworld. 1997 [2021-04-10]. ISBN 978-8124600603. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2007-07-10）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 强舸. 当你感慨磕长头的虔诚灵魂时，可曾想过他们身下的公路是谁修的？. 觀察者網. 2017-07-11 [2021-04-10]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-14）.  作者系中共中央党校副教授.

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