西多哥蘭

西多哥蘭[1]
Togoland de l'Ouest
Western Togoland国旗
国旗
Western Togoland
国徽
西多哥蘭（紫色）在迦納的位置
西多哥蘭（紫色）在迦納的位置
地位地區
最大霍城
官方语言英语
认可的国家语言法语
认可的地方语言德语、埃维语、阿當梅語（英语：Dangme）、阿瓦蒂梅語（英语：Avatime language）、尼延貝-塔菲語（英语：Nyangbo-Tafi language）, 洛格巴語（英语：Logba language）
面积
• 
20,550平方公里

西多哥蘭（法語：Togoland de l'Ouest）是迦納東部的一個區域，包括沃爾特地區、奧蒂區、北部地區、東北區與東北地區的部分，2020年9月當地分離主義者宣布西多哥蘭脫離迦納、獨立建國[2][3]，但未被認真看待。


西多哥蘭自2017年起為無代表國家和民族組織的成員[4]。

歷史

1884年德國在今迦納、多哥一帶建立保護國多哥蘭，在德國治下經濟蓬勃發展，為其模範殖民地（德語：Musterkolonie）[5]。1914年英法聯軍入侵多哥蘭，第一次世界大戰結束後多哥蘭被分為西部的英屬多哥蘭與東部的法屬多哥蘭。第二次世界大戰結束後，法屬多哥蘭於1960年獨立為多哥共和國，英屬多哥蘭則於1956年公投決議（英语：1956 British Togoland status plebiscite）與英屬黃金海岸一起獨立為迦納共和國[6][7]。

1994年Charles Kormi Kudzordzi建立了祖國研究小組基金會[8]（英語：Homeland Study Group Foundation，簡稱HSGF；法語：Fondation du Groupe d'étude de la Patrie，簡稱FGEP），為主張西多哥蘭獨立的非暴力組織[9]。2019年5月該組織否認其有民兵[10]，時年80歲的Kudzordzi被捕，不久後即被釋放[11]，但同年11月霍城地方法院再度對他發布通緝。2020年9月25日西多哥蘭叛亂（英语：Western Togoland Rebellion）爆發，西多哥蘭的分離主義人士襲擊了沃爾特地區北通古區（英语：North Tongu District）的數個警察局，宣布西多哥蘭自迦納獨立，並要求迦納軍隊24小時以內離開沃爾特地區[12][13]。HSGF的一些成員被逮捕，但Kudzordzi否認其組織涉案。此後衝突造成數人死傷[14]，迦納政府並未認真看待西多哥蘭宣布獨立一事，將其視為一場鬧劇，但有學者呼籲政府認真看待此事，將其視為國安議題[13]。無代表國家和民族組織則呼籲雙方和平對話[15]。

有消息稱HSFP已被控制[16]，但人有分離主義分子持槍抵抗並設置路障[2]。迦納總統否認政府有與分離主義者談判[17]。2021年7月，Kudzordzi再次被逮捕[11]。

參見

參考文獻

  1. ^ The State of Western Togoland. Peoples' Liberation Council of Western Togoland. [6 October 2019]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-09）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. Ghana's Western Togoland region declares sovereignty | DW | 25.09.2020. DW.COM. [2020-10-01]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-24）. 
  3. ^ Western Togoland suspected separatists fresh attack for Ghana. BBC News Pidgin. [2020-10-01]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-13）. 
  4. ^ UNPO - Members. unpo.org. [2020-10-04]. （原始内容存档于2019-11-15）. 
  5. ^ Zimmerman, Andrew. Alabama in Africa: Booker T. Washington, the German Empire, and the Globalization of the New South. Princeton University Press. 2012-05-27 [2021-08-04]. ISBN 978-0-691-15586-9. （原始内容存档于2021-08-04）. 
  6. ^ UNPO: Western Togoland. unpo.org. [2021-08-04]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-23）. 
  7. ^ Ghana - THE COLONIAL ERA: BRITISH RULE OF THE GOLD COAST. countrystudies.us. [2020-07-24]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-27）. 
  8. ^ Edith Mutethya. Ghana arrests 81 in separatist crackdown. China Daily. 2019-05-10 [2021-08-04]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-02）. 
  9. ^ Volta Secessionists: We Weren’t Behind Attacks – Homeland Study Group. Modern Ghana. 2020-10-05 [2021-08-04]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-24）. 
  10. ^ We have no militia - Western Togoland independence 'fighters'. Citi Newsroom. 2019-05-07 [2019-05-08]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-07）. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Western Togoland founder Papavi arrested after months of hiding. GhanaWeb. 2021-07-29 [2021-08-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-30）. 
  12. ^ Western Togoland: Secessionists order Ghana Security forces out of Volta Region. My Joy Online. 2020-09-25 [2020-09-08]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-06）. 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 98.9FMWhy Ghana must not laugh off Western Togoland secessionist movement - Security Expert reveals. Ghana Web. 29 September 2020 [October 4, 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-18）. 
  14. ^ One dead, two injured after ‘Western Togolanders’ capture of Juapong. www.ghanaweb.com. 2020-09-25 [2020-10-04]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-09）. 
  15. ^ UNPO: UNPO Calls for Dialogue and Non-Violence in Western Togoland. unpo.org. [2020-10-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）. 
  16. ^ emmakd. One dead, three injured in Volta Region secessionist disturbance. Ghana Business News. 2020-09-26 [2020-10-04]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-20）. 
  17. ^ Secessionists Attacks: Government will not negotiate with criminals - Bawumia. MyJoyOnline.com. 2020-09-30 [2020-10-04]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-18）. 

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