薩爾保護領

薩爾
Saar（德文）
Sarre（法文）
1947年－1956年
薩爾位置圖（浅蓝色、法国国旗旁边）
薩爾位置圖（浅蓝色、法国国旗旁边）
地位盟國管制理事會的保護領
首都薩爾布魯根
历史时期冷戰
• 自德國分離出來
1947年12月17日
• 公民投票
1955年10月23日
• 薩爾條約
1956年10月27日
• 加入西德
1957年1月1日
ISO 3166码DE
前身		 继承
威斯特馬克大區
西德
今属于 德国
20世纪德国领土范围的演变
第二次世界大战前
第二次世界大战
第二次世界大战后
地区
邻国

薩爾保護領（德語：Saarprotektorat，法語：Protectorat de Sarre），是第二次世界大戰結束後，由德國分離出來的短暫保護領。由法國所管理，位於德、法兩國之間。1955年舉行全民公投後，於1957年1月1日起成為西德一部分，相當於今日德國薩爾蘭。回歸西德後，薩爾蘭成為非城市州中最小的州。其名來自薩爾河。

歷史

薩爾河與其支流河谷是片地形起伏，礦產豐富，經濟上相當重要，且工業化成熟的地區，該地居民幾乎都為德意志人。該地有發展成熟的鐵路系統，是德國工業革命的中心之一。20世紀初期，該地發展成為德國第三大煤炭和鋼鐵工業區。

第二次世界大战结束后，萨尔在盟军分治时期成为法国占领区。法国反对将萨尔纳入德国，推动使它成为独立于联邦德国（西德）和民主德国（东德）之外的一个特殊保护领地[1]。法国的目标是在未来将萨尔并入法国，退而求其次则希望萨尔独立。1946年2月16日，萨尔保护领正式成立。

1947年7月16日，萨尔马克（英语：Saar mark）开始成为萨尔保护领的法定货币。同年11月15日，萨尔马克加入法国货币区。1947年12月15日，萨尔保护领开始实行《萨尔宪法（德语：Verfassung des Saarlandes）》，民选政府首脑由原法国驻萨尔军事总督吉尔伯特·格兰瓦尔（英语：Gilbert Grandval）担任。

在1955年舉行全民公投（英语：1955 Saar Statute referendum）後，萨尔保护领加入成為聯邦德國的一部分，1956年法德签署《萨尔条约》。並自1957年1月1日起生效，成为今日德國的薩爾蘭。

参考文献

  1. ^ （中文）萨尔在第二次世界大战后重归德国. 历史上的今天. [2013-08-07]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-09）. 

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