荥阳郑氏

荥阳郑氏，中国中古时代一个以荥阳郡为郡望的郑姓士族。

荥阳郑氏先祖可追溯到周宣王分封的郑国，郑国灭亡后以国为氏。东汉末年，以郑当时一脉的郑浑、郑泰等人为开始，逐渐发展为高门望族。北魏时与范阳卢氏、清河崔氏、太原王氏并称为四姓，唐朝荥阳郑氏有十个宰相。现代考古论证，河南省开封县境内的启封城外西侧有荥阳郑氏家族墓地[1]。

姓源

滎陽鄭氏源自姬姓，周厉王的小儿子友被哥哥周宣王分封建立鄭國，郑国歷二十五代君主。至戰國時代，被韓國灭亡，鄭國君主後代子孫，以國爲氏。

至漢朝，屬鄭國後人的鄭君，曾任項羽部下。其子鄭當時，出仕漢朝任大司農，是為滎陽鄭氏始祖。

郡望和籍贯

清华大学历史系主任侯旭东教授认为，高门子弟用来标明其身份地位的郡望多产生于魏晋时代，随着时间的推移，那些州、郡、县名称与隶属关系也不断的变化，到北朝时他们居地的名称难免与旧有的郡望不合，这些名门后代为“高自标置”，仍然抱着旧贯不放，这种风气不仅流行于安顿死者的墓志铭中，世间也是一样，国史正传亦深受影响。《魏书·裴延俊》传称裴延俊为“河东闻喜人”而不是“正平闻喜人”，《魏书·李宝传》称李宝为“陇西狄道人”而不是“武始狄道人”，《魏书·郑羲传》称郑羲为“荥阳开封人”而不是“荥阳苑陵人”，《魏书·阳尼传》称阳尼为“北平无终人”而不是“渔阳无终人”，都是这种例子[2]。

房支

混乱的世系及有误的归藏房

经过长期的代际繁衍，荥阳郑氏在郑温之后的支系记载出现了较严重的分歧[3]

《郑文公下碑》 《魏书·郑羲传》 《元和姓纂》 《新唐书·宰相世系表》
郑略
郑豁
郑温
郑晔
郑羲
郑浑
□
□
□
□
郑豁
□
郑晔
郑白驎郑小白郑洞林郑叔夜郑连山郑羲
郑浑
郑崇
□
□
郑略
郑豁郑楚
郑温
郑晔郑恬郑兰
郑白驎郑小白郑叔夜郑洞林郑归藏郑连山郑幼麟
郑浑
郑崇
郑遹
郑随
郑略
郑翳郑豁郑渊郑静郑悦郑楚
郑温
郑涛郑晔郑简郑恬
郑茂
郑白驎郑胤伯郑叔夜郑洞林郑归藏郑连山郑幼麟
略—豁—温—晔—羲 浑—□—□—□—□—豁—□—晔 浑—崇—□—□—略 浑—崇—遹—随—略
略子豁 略二子：豁、楚 略六子：翳、豁、渊、静、悦、楚
豁生温 楚生温 豁生温
温子晔 温三子：晔（北祖）、恬（中祖）、兰（简）（南祖） 温四子：涛、晔（北祖）、简（南祖）、恬（中祖）、
晔子羲 晔六子：白驎、小白、洞林、叔夜、连山、羲 晔七子：白麟、小白、叔夜、洞林、归藏、连山、幼麟 晔生中书博士茂，一名小白，七子：白麟、胤伯、叔夜、洞林、归藏、连山、幼麟

沈炳震、赵超等人均认为归藏房记载有误，赵超认为虽然唐朝也有一些墓志自称先人为郑归藏，但《魏书》、《北史》中“晔娶长乐潘氏，生六子”的记载更可信，《新唐书·宰相世系表》和《元和姓纂》多出的一房归藏房有误[4][5]。

三祖

燕太子詹事[鄭溫 (後燕)|郑温]生有三子，分为三祖

  • 北祖，郑温之子北魏追赠建威将军、汝阴太守郑晔，号北祖
  • 中祖，郑温之子郑恬，号中祖
  • 南祖，郑温之子北魏平南谘议参军郑简，号南祖

北祖房支

  • 北祖大房，郑晔长子郑白驎的后裔，号大房，该房后断绝
  • 北祖第二房，郑晔第二子北魏中书博士郑小白的后裔，号第二房
  • 北祖第三房，郑晔第三子郑洞林的后裔，号第三房
  • 北祖第四房，郑晔第四子郑叔夜的后裔，号第四房，该房后没有名声，不为人知
  • 北祖第五房，郑晔第五子郑连山的后裔，号第五房，又称襄城公房
  • 北祖第六房，郑晔第六子北魏安东将军、秘书监、南阳文灵公郑羲的后裔，号第六房

南祖房支

  • 南祖大房，始祖不详
  • 南祖第二房，始祖不详
  • 南祖第三房，始祖不详
  • 南祖第四房，始祖不详，郑简之子郑白虯后裔郑当的墓志记载郑当出自南祖第四房[6]

禁婚家

显庆四年，唐高宗下禁婚诏，禁止七姓十家互相通婚，郑温的三子都被列入禁婚家。

定著房

南祖和北祖因在唐朝出宰相，合称荥阳郑氏定著二房。

家传和谱牒

  • 《荥阳郑氏家谱》，一卷[7]

著名族人

唐朝宰相

  • 郑珣瑜，出自北祖第二房，唐德宗宰相
  • 鄭餘慶，出自北祖第二房，唐德宗宰相
  • 郑覃，出自北祖第二房，唐文宗宰相
  • 郑朗，出自北祖第二房，唐宣宗宰相
  • 郑从谠，出自北祖第二房，唐僖宗宰相
  • 郑延昌，出自北祖第二房，唐昭宗宰相
  • 郑絪，出自南祖，唐德宗宰相
  • 鄭畋，唐僖宗宰相
  • 郑肃，出自北祖第二房，唐武宗、唐宣宗宰相
  • 郑綮，唐昭宗宰相

其他

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ 启封故城—开封城名由来. 新浪网，来源：开封日报. 2004年9月21日 [2014-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-16） （简体中文）. 
  2. ^ 侯旭东. 《北朝村民的生活世界 朝廷、州县与村里》. 北京市: 商务印书馆. :2005.11: 137–139. ISBN 7-100-04493-6 （中文（简体））. 
  3. ^ 邢学敏 《北魏书法家郑道昭家族研究》成都市：电子科技大学出版社 , 2014.01
  4. ^ 《二十五史补编 6·唐书宰相世系表订伪》：《魏书·郑羲传》：晔不仕。小白，晔第二子。白麟，小白兄。叔夜以下皆小白弟，非子。《传》无归藏。小白止一子胤伯。《表》以白麟、叔夜以下皆作小白子，误。又羲父晔娶长乐潘氏，生六子，而羲第六。晔固无七子而小白尤无七子也。
  5. ^ 《新唐书宰相世系表集校·卷五·郑氏》：未识《补正》何据？且唐代传抄谱牒已多有失误。应据《魏书》为是，《订伪》不误。
  6. ^ 《全唐文补遗·唐故桂州员外司户荥阳郑府君墓志铭》：府君讳当，字膺吉，世为荥阳人……今为南祖第四房。
  7. ^ 《新唐书·卷五十八·志第四十八》：《荥阳郑氏家谱》一卷

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