自由變異

自由變異（free variation、又称自由變體）在語音學上是指兩個（或多個）有差異的語音出現在相同的情境中、這兩者（或多者）可互相替代使用，而母語的使用者認為這二者（或多者）相同。[1][2]

範例

以英語爲例：清塞喉化音位於字詞的最後位置上，例如：單詞<stop>（停止）末端的輔音可發一個普通的未送氣音[p]、[stɑp]，或一喉化音[pˀ]、[stɑpˀ]。

以南京話爲例：南京話拼音的聲母l可以說[l]也可以說[n]，“你”和“里”是同音字，不論說者說[li]還是[ni]，對聽者來說都是一個音。

以首都泰語爲例：聲母/ร/的輕鬆方式說[ɹ]，但嚴格方式[r]，對聽者來說都是一個音。

以臺灣國語爲例：聲母ㄖ的輕鬆方式說[ɹ]，但嚴格方式[ɹ̠˔ɹ]，對聽者來說都是一個音。[a]

延伸說明

當音素為自由變異，發音人有時強烈意識到這種實際的情況（尤其是在這樣的變化僅僅是可見的一種跨"方言"或"社會方言（socio-lectal）的分裂")，並且會注意到。例如：<tomato>（番茄）在英國英語和美國英語上的發音是不同的，或者兩種發音的流通為平均隨機的分佈。

參見

註釋

  1. ^ Clark, John Ellery; Yallop, Colin; Fletcher, Janet. Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology. Oxford: Blackwell. 2007: 110, 116–18 [2014-02-28]. ISBN 1-4051-3083-0. （原始内容存档于2015-02-06）. 
  2. ^ SIL International, 2004-01-05. What is free variation? （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Retrieved 2011-01-26.
  1. ^ 客家腔國語就是 [ʒ]

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