绿玉树

绿玉树
保护状况
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无危（IUCN 3.1）[1]
科学分类 编辑
界： 植物界 Plantae
演化支： 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支： 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支： 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支： 蔷薇类植物 Rosids
目： 金虎尾目 Malpighiales
科： 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae
属： 大戟屬 Euphorbia
种：
绿玉树 E. tirucalli
二名法
Euphorbia tirucalli

绿玉树（學名：Euphorbia tirucalli），別稱光棍樹、綠珊瑚、青珊瑚、鐵樹、鐵羅、龍骨樹、神仙棒、乳蔥樹、白蟻樹等，是大戟科大戟屬植物。原產於非洲的地中海沿岸地区，現分佈於香港、台灣澎湖列島、海南、美國、馬來西亞、印度、英國及法國等地。花期6-9月，果期7-11月。由于原产地环境干燥，叶片較早脫落以減少水分蒸發，故常呈無葉狀態，外形貌似綠色玉石故得此名。

形態特徵

绿玉树是一種熱帶灌木或小喬木，可高達2-9米。葉細小互生，呈線形或退化為不明顯的鱗片狀，長約1厘米，寬約0.2厘米，早落以減少水分蒸發，故常呈無葉狀態。枝幹圓柱狀綠色，分枝對生或輪生，於無葉片時以代替葉片進行光合作用[2]。花為杯狀聚繖花序生於枝頂或節上有短總花梗，總包陀螺狀，直徑約0.2厘米，具有5枚腺體，內披柔毛，花冠5瓣，黃白色，花無花被，雄花小數，雌花具多數總苞，苞片細小。果實為蒴果，暗黑色，披貼伏柔毛，長約0.5厘米，成熟時3裂。種子呈卵形，平滑[3]。

種植

喜溫暖（25-30度），耐旱，耐鹽和耐風，好光照，能於貧瘠土壤生長。由於開花結果率甚低，多以扦插法繁殖。在溫暖氣候下易於生根，處於南方溫暖地帶可露天栽種，北方需於溫室栽種[4]。

醫藥用途及其毒性

全草藥用，性涼，味辛、微酸。主治孕婦產後乳汁不足，癬瘡及關節腫痛骨刺等[5]。全株含有毒性乳液。綠枝可與米酒烹煮至透少量服用，烹飪方法為民間常用療法，但刺激性強皮膚接觸可引起皮膚發炎、紅腫、痛癢和膿包，對金黃葡萄球菌具有抗生作用[6]、[7]、[8]。

用途

白色乳液富含十二種烴類物質，與石油成分接近，而且不含硫可直接或與其他物質混合成原油。亦可作為生產沼氣的原料，其沼氣產量較一般嫩枝綠草高5-10倍[6]。因能耐罕，耐鹽和耐風，常用作海邊防風林或美化樹種。

參考

  1. ^ Haevermans, T. Euphorbia tirucalli. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004. [2009-09-02]. 
  2. ^ 綠珊瑚/鐵樹、青珊瑚、綠玉樹 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）台南市長安國小
  3. ^ 海南植物志[永久失效連結]
  4. ^ 中國植樹科普網. [2008-05-09]. （原始内容存档于2007-08-08）. 
  5. ^ 綠珊瑚 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2008-02-29.葫蘆中醫藥專業網
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 中國科學院植物研究所 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2009-02-28.
  7. ^ 綠珊瑚 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2007-04-02.高職教師在職進修網站
  8. ^ 公園路燈工程管理處 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2006-05-13.

外部連結

維基物種上的相關信息：綠珊瑚
维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：绿玉树

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