生活片段

生活片段（Slice of life）是指在藝術作品中描述平凡的經歷[1]，在戲劇上，這屬於自然主義（英语：Naturalism (theatre)）的一支。以文學的角度而言，生活片段是一種敘事的技巧，呈現出角色生活的某些片段，這些片段的情節通常並不連貫，看似隨意發生，而且缺乏衝突或結尾。[2]

「生活片段」的概念在1890年代由法國劇作家讓·朱利安 (劇作家)（法语：Jean Jullien (dramaturge)）提出[3]。他主張戲劇是藝術地把一截生活的片段放上舞臺，目標不是讓人發笑，而是讓人思考；故事在閉幕時並未結束，紅幕只是隨意插入的中斷，讓觀眾自由想像[4]。

生活片段通常描寫角色的日常瑣事，缺乏明顯的劇情、衝突和結局[2]。 許多作品會仔細描寫各個瑣碎細節，但不加以整理、評斷或解釋[5]。

在19世紀末，文學和社會科學分道揚鑣時，芝加哥學派相當重視生活片段，學者兼作家不帶評論地用平常的語言記錄研究對象的故事[6]。這種重視在寫實而非評論的潮流是自然主義文學的一大分支[7]。有些劇作家利用這種寫實性來展示社會問題，激發觀眾，以推展社會運動[8]。

至1950年代，「生活片段」這個詞彙常用來評論電視劇，包括約普·米勒（JP Miller）、帕迪·查耶夫斯基以及利尊勞·羅斯（Reginald Rose）的作品[9][10]。有時生活片段被當作廚槽現實主義的同義詞。

相關條目

參考來源

  1. ^ Jewell, Elizabeth J. & Abate, Frank R. (editors). Slice of Life需要免费注册. The New Oxford American Dictionary First (Oxford University Press). September 2001. ISBN 0-19-511227-X. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Stuart Eddy Baker. Bernard Shaw's remarkable religion: a faith that fits the facts. University Press of Florida. 2002: 83–84 [2020-02-25]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-25）. 
  3. ^ Slice of life. Random House Unabridged Dictionary. 2006. 
  4. ^ Turney, Wayne S. Notes on Naturalism in the Theatre. wayneturney.20m.com. （原始内容存档于2008-05-14）. 
  5. ^ Walcutt, Charles. American Literary Naturalism, a Divided Stream. St. Paul, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. 1966: 21. ISBN 9780816658855. 
  6. ^ Denzin, Norman; Lincoln, Yvonna. The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. 2005: 16. ISBN 0761927573. 
  7. ^ Augustyn, Adam. American Literature from the 1850s to 1945. New York: Britannica Educational Publishing. 2010: 71. ISBN 9781615302345. 
  8. ^ Downs, William; Wright, Lou Anne; Ramsey, Erik. The Art of Theatre: Then and Now. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. 2016: 372. ISBN 9781305954700. 
  9. ^ Gottfried, Martin. All His Jazz, Da Capo, 2003.. [2020-02-25]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-20）. 
  10. ^ Dowler, Kevin. "Reginald Rose". Museum of Broadcast Communications.. [2019-01-07]. （原始内容存档于2006-04-23）. 

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