真人CS或Wargame(日语:サバイバルゲーム,羅馬化:Survival Game,香港作野戰遊戲,台湾作生存遊戲),英語中也称软气枪战(英語:Airsoft),是使用软气枪射擊他人淘汰对方出局来模擬军事冲突战斗的一種团体对抗活動[1],属于半竞技性現代射击运动。
生存遊戲起源自1970年代的日本[2]。
生存遊戲使用的槍支廣義上來說都屬於氣槍的範疇之內,但是穿透力和停止作用遠遠弱於普通氣槍(軟氣槍的槍口動能不超過1.5焦,而真槍最少20焦以上),對人體基本没有任何殺傷力(除非直接擊中暴露的薄弱部位,比如眼睛),因此被稱為“軟式氣槍”。
在中国大陆、澳大利亞等枪支管控较严的国家和地区,任何仿真玩具槍都可能被执法机构定义成是违法的。
软气枪依照操作動力主要分成三種:
較常見的槍型有:
生存游戏中主要使用的就是软气枪弹(英語:airsoft pellet),是一种非金属材料制作的球形弹丸,最常见的是塑料弹和树脂弹。最常见的弹丸尺寸是6毫米直径,质量变化很多在0.12—0.48克(1.9—7.4格令)之间不等。因为和气枪使用的球形弹丸相似,因此俗称为“BB弹”——虽然严格来说这种称呼其实是错误的。
BB弹细分为许多品种:
此外,游戏场上还经常出现一些辅助性弹药,通常用来模仿手榴弹和枪榴弹。比如:
按法律、場地許可,及個人喜愛而可選用的裝備。
生存遊戲用的槍榴彈發射器可一次發射大量BB彈打擊對手。玩具槍榴彈是將瓦斯灌入彈體中,並在前方裝入數十至上百發的BB彈,裝入發射器之後就可以一次發射。也有發設單發橡膠彈頭的玩具榴彈,發射時更具有真實感,不過威力稍強且不易陣亡判定,但在有陣地、碉堡與車輛的遊戲中就可以約好被橡膠榴彈擊中視同全陣地或全車陣亡。榴彈發射器通常掛載於步槍槍管下方,也有單獨使用的款式。 玩具榴彈在灌入氣體時要注意方向,與氣動BB槍相反,瓶裝瓦斯要由下朝上將瓶中氣態的部份灌入彈體中,因為玩具榴彈擊發的時候會一次將氣體釋放完畢,如果朝下讓氣瓶中壓縮成液態的部份灌入彈體,反而會缺乏足夠的瞬間氣壓去推動BB彈,也浪費更多容量,揮發過程中更可能凍傷榴彈中的橡膠氣密零件。
通常是無功能的裝飾品,也有做成BB彈、瓦斯的造型分裝容器者,和可噴灑乾粉、水溶顏料的一次性玩具手榴彈以及氣爆式手榴彈。氣爆式手榴彈是藉由灌入少量壓縮氣體在核心機構中,投擲後氣體會釋出至球體中並撐破一次性的軟塑膠外殼,產生如同爆竹般的響亮的音效,但是不具有破壞力與火災危害性。也有可重複回收、散射BB彈的瓦斯手榴彈,不過尚未普及。
刀在生存遊戲中僅用於佩掛裝飾,除具有技術研討成分的野外軍事模擬活動外,一般生存遊戲中使用者應避免破壞場地環境,且不得在遊戲中對人模擬操作。
[3] 相對焦耳,6mm膠BB彈能打穿可口可樂罐的數據如下:
(3J開始,擊中一定硬度物件有可能打碎發射用的膠彈)
(5J開始改用玻璃彈或金屬彈)
由於打入角度及開火距離各有不同,加上Coke Cola鋁罐可能因溫度或本身質量而不一樣。因此,數據應以「焦耳測量機」的個人多次性測試作為基準,他人的測試報告不一定跟自己的測試結果一樣。
改裝威力需要彈弓,以PDI電槍彈弓為例:
[4] 當然,以單向拍頭及密氣程度、大氣量組件也是破壞力的來源。
在日本、台灣及香港等地生存遊戲屬合法行為,並且有相關的器械法規管理。
不過,有很多地方有用槍傷人的法律處理。如香港,儘管用戶的槍械是合法水平,即使於Wargame場內,只要導致他人、動物或他人財產上有傷害,亦可構成犯法的要件。
現就有法律可處理氣槍問題的地方而言,還是有意見要求加強立法及執法。
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