珍雨燕

珍雨燕
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 鸟纲 Aves
目: 雨燕目 Apodiformes
科: 雨燕科 Apodidae
属: 珍雨燕屬 Schoutedenapus
De Roo英语Antoon Emeric Marcel De Roo, 1968
种:
珍雨燕 S. myoptilus
二名法
Schoutedenapus myoptilus
(Salvadori英语Tommaso Salvadori, 1888)[2]
亚种
異名
  • Cypselus myoptilus Salvadori, 1888
  • Apus myoptilus Salvadori, 1888
  • Schoutedenapus myioptilus Salvadori, 1888
  • Micropus achimodzi Vincent英语Jack Vincent, 1933
  • Cypselus poensis Alexander, 1903
  • Apus myoptilus chapini Prigogine, 1957

珍雨燕學名Schoutedenapus myoptilus)是雨燕目雨燕科珍雨燕屬下的唯一一種鳥類。[2]這個物種主要為暗褐色系,是廣佈於非洲東部及中東部的鳥類,目前其物種狀態被評為無危[2]

這個物種是義大利鳥類學家托馬索·薩爾瓦多里英语Tommaso Salvadori於1888年描述的物種,當時其學名為Cypselus myoptilus,歸於一個現今被視為是雨燕屬異名的屬內。[3][4]1968年,比利时鳥類學家Antoon Emeric Marcel De Roo英语Antoon Emeric Marcel De Roo將其歸於獨立一屬,形成現今的學名。[5][6][7]其屬名Schoutedenapus來自曾於剛果地區探險的比利時動物學家亨利·舒特登英语Henri Schouteden及雨燕屬的學名Apus[8]:350而種小名myoptilus則來自古希臘語「mus」及「ptilon」,分別意為「老鼠」及「羽毛顏色」。[8]:264

珍雨燕分佈於海拔500—2450公尺處的潮濕地區,目前有三個亞種S. m. myoptilus分佈於衣索比亞辛巴威S. m. poensis分佈於比奧科島;而S. m. chapini分佈於剛果民主共和國盧旺達烏干達西南部。[7][9]該屬曾有一個另一個物種Schoutedenapus schoutedeni,但現今被視為是珍雨燕其中一個亞種的亞成鳥或者是變體。[2][6][10]

這個物種是一種小型雨燕,其頭部圓胖,翅膀細長;尾巴長而深叉。[11]其體長16.5公分,體重平均約22公克。[11]上半身為深灰褐色;喉嚨淺灰色、胸部褐色,其餘部分為深褐色。[11]鳥喙寬平均約2.6公釐、深平均約2.1公釐、嘴峰長平均約8.8公釐;翼長平均約131.4公釐;跗蹠約10.7公釐;尾長約71.7公釐。[12]

珍雨燕是相當群聚的鳥類,在4—8月之間可以成千上萬隻的群體出現。[9]這個物種是蟲食性,牠們經常在開闊地帶低飛,被認為與尋覓白蟻作為食物有所關係;但也因此曾發生過被當地的小孩以棍棒擊落的情形。[9][12]其繁殖期甚不明瞭,這可能是由於其巢穴從未被發現的緣故——其巢穴推測在岩縫、高山和瀑布附近,但根據解剖及亞成鳥的時間推測估計約在9月至12月之間產卵。[9]

這個物種的整體族群數量尚未完整估計,其密度隨不同地區有所變化。[13]在《國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄》中,因其相當大的分佈範圍及未有明顯的威脅,國際鳥盟將珍雨燕列為無危物種[1][13]

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 BirdLife International. Schoutedenapus myoptilus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T157470471A157471619. [2024-03-19]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T157470471A157471619.en可免费查阅. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 International Ornithologists' Union. Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. , 编. IOC World Bird List (v14.1). 2024 [2024-01-03]. (原始内容存档于2024-01-03) (英语). 
  3. ^ Salvadori, Tommaso. Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova (Italy) , 编. Catalogo di una collezione di uccelli dello scioa fatta dal dott. Vincenzo Ragazzi negli anni 1884, 1885, 1884. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova (Tip. del R. Istituto Sordo-Muti). 1888, 2 (26): 228 [2024-04-20]. (原始内容存档于2024-09-26) (意大利语). 
  4. ^ Apus Scopoli, 1777. IRMNG. [2024-04-20] (英语). 
  5. ^ De Roo, Antoon Emeric Marcel. Taxonomic notes on swifts, with description of a new genus (Aves: Apodidae). Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines. 1968, 77: 412–417 (英语). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Fishpool, L.D.C. A reappraisal of Schouteden's Swift. Bulletin of the African Bird Club. 2019, 26 (1): 38–57 (英语). 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Collins, C. T. Subfamilies of the swifts (Apodiformes: Apodidae): Schoutedenapus revisited. Durban Museum Novitates. 2000, 25 (1): 36–39 (英语). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Jobling, James A. The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. 2010 [2024-04-20]. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 (英语). 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Chantler, Phil. Swifts : a guide to the swifts and treeswifts of the world需要免费注册. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2000: 154–155 [2024-04-20]. ISBN 978-0-300-07936-4 (英语). 
  10. ^ H&M4 Checklist family by family. The Turst for Avian Systematics. [2024-04-20]. (原始内容存档于2023-10-20) (英语). 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (编). Handbook of the birds of the world需要免费注册 5. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 1999: 434–435 [2024-04-20]. ISBN 978-84-87334-25-2 (英语). 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Tobias, Joseph A.; Sheard, Catherine; Pigot, Alex L.; Devenish, Adam J. M.; Yang, Jingyi; et al. AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds. Ecology Letters. 2022-03, 25 (3): 581—597 [2023-07-22]. doi:10.1111/ele.13898. (原始内容存档于2023-02-03) (英语). 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Ekstrom, J.; Butchart, S. Species factsheet: Scarce Swift (Schoutedenapus myoptilus). BirdLife Data Zone. 2024 [2024-04-20]. (原始内容存档于2024-04-20) (英语). 

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