王溥 (宋朝)

王溥(922年—982年),字齐物,并州祁(今山西祁县)人,五代初政治人物,歷任後周太祖、世宗、恭帝、北宋太祖兩代四朝宰相

生平

王溥出生於官宦世家,後漢乾祐元年(948年)二十六歲甲科進士第一名[1],任秘書郎,后周太祖广顺三年(953年)官至宰相,年僅32岁。周恭帝时,上表请修《世宗实录》,与扈蒙张淡王格董敦等共同编修,建隆二年八月,书成奏上。其父王祚做過刺史、團練使,生活奢侈,好延壽之術。溥雖貴為宰相,家中仍以王祚作主,有官員到王家拜見王溥時,王祚招待客人,總是教王溥穿上一品官服,並在左右侍候。客人常坐立難安,王祚說:「豚犬,不足為之起。」

郭威任樞密副使、樞密使時,率軍平河中叛亂,聘為幕僚。平亂後,從敵區繳獲大量的叛將資料。郭威要按名稽查,王溥说:“魑魅之形,伺夜而出,日月既照,氛沴自肖。愿一切焚之,以安反侧”[2]

显德四年(957年),周世宗柴榮请王溥选择将帅,王溥举荐向拱,再次取得胜利。宴會上世宗亲赐御酒说:“为朕择帅成边功者,卿也!”

世宗死,赵匡胤势力强大,“宰相王溥亦阴效诚款”,并献奉宅园以取悦于赵匡胤[3]。赵匡胤黃袍加身返京,王溥“口禁不能对”,“降阶先拜”[4]。赵匡胤曾对左右说:“王溥十年做相,三迁一品,福履之盛,近世未见其比。”乾德二年(964年)正月,罢相,任太子少保[5]。太平兴国初年,封祁国公,七年(982年)八月去世。谥文献。赵宋之后,王溥虽仍为宰相,但基本上被削實權。主要的精力则投入在编修史籍,家有藏書萬餘卷,編著《世宗實錄》、《唐會要》、《五代會要》三部史籍共一百七十卷,開史學“會要”體例之。

家族

  • 祖:王建福,贈太師、尚書令兼中書令
  • 祖母:賈氏,追封魏國太夫人
  • 父:王祚,宿州防禦使、累贈太師、尚書令兼中書令、追封晉國公
  • 母:嚴氏,追封陳國太夫人、兗國太夫人
  • 妻:常氏,追封魏國太夫人
  • 妻:申氏,追封丹陽郡夫人
  • 子:王貽正,國子監博士、贈太師兼中書令
    • 孫:王貽永,尚書省右僕射兼侍中、彰德軍節度使、檢校太師、充景靈宮使
      • 曾孫:王道卿,贈左領軍衛上將軍
        • 玄孫:王彭年,終官左藏庫使
          • 來孫女:王氏,封壽光縣君,適右武衛大將軍、虔州刺史趙士健
  • 子:王貽矩,終官司封司員外郎、累贈吏部侍郎
    • 孫:王珣瑜,終官朝散大夫、虞部司郎中、中護軍、贈司勛司郎中
      • 曾孫:王肅,內殿承制
      • 曾孫:王鑑,內殿崇班
      • 曾孫女:王氏,累封華原郡君、適都官司郎中呂希道
      • 玄孫:王審求,太廟齋郎
      • 玄孫:王審交
      • 玄孫:王審言
      • 玄孫:王審文
      • 玄孫:王審立
      • 玄孫:王審奇
      • 玄孫:王審方
      • 玄孫:王審之

參考書目

  1. ^ 叶梦得《石林诗话》卷下云:“五代王仁裕知贡举,王丞相溥为状元,时年二十六。”《锦绣万花谷》前集卷二四引《退朝录》云:“本朝王溥,二十六岁状元及第,六年拜相,年三十二。”《五代诗话》卷二引乐史《广卓异记》云:“乾祐元年(948)户部侍郎王仁裕放王溥状元及第。”
  2. ^ 《宋史·王溥傳》
  3. ^ 《五朝名臣言行录》卷1之3
  4. ^ 《续资治通鉴长编》卷1,建隆元年正月甲辰。
  5. ^ 东都事略》卷一八

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