特丁基对苯二酚[1](又称叔丁基对苯二酚,简称TBHQ)是一种酚,由对苯二酚上加一个叔丁基构成。
特丁基对苯二酚是一种高效的抗氧化剂[2]。在食品中,特丁基对苯二酚用作植物油和多种食用动物油脂的抗氧化劑[3]。它遇铁不变色,也不会改变食品的味道或气味[2]。它也可以和其他防腐剂如丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)一同使用。其作为食品添加剂的E编码为E319。它由于可延长保存期限,它被广泛用于食品中。
在工业生产中,它可以用作抑制有机过氧化物自聚合的稳定剂。也可以作为抗腐蚀剂添加于生物燃油中[4]。在香水中,TBHQ可以用作固定剂,抑制挥发并提高稳定性。此外,也用于油漆、清漆及树脂中。
欧洲食品安全局(EFSA)和美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)均认定在一定浓度内使用特丁基对苯二酚对人体是安全的[5]。FDA限制其在食用油脂中的添加量为0.02%[6]。在实验中,摄入较高浓度的特丁基对苯二酚使得实验动物出现胃肿瘤的征兆,并且发生DNA损伤[7]。一系列研究表明,长时间暴露在高浓度的TBHQ中可能会致癌[8],尤其是胃癌[9]。但也有其他研究得出了不同的结论,如TBHQ等酚类抗氧化剂可抑制多环胺类的致癌作用(TBHQ是其中之一,不是作为有效的一种)[10]。EFSA也认为TBHQ不会致癌[5]。1986年发表的一篇论文认为,从用量的角度考虑,容许的TBHQ用量与对实验动物造成损害的用量间有较大的裕量[11]。
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