Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

特丁基对苯二酚

特丁基对苯二酚
IUPAC名
2-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-1,4-benzenediol
英文名 tert-Butylhydroquinone
别名 TBHQ(i)
识别
CAS号 1948-33-0  checkY
PubChem 16043
ChemSpider 15235
SMILES
 
  • Oc1ccc(O)cc1C(C)(C)C
InChI
 
  • 1/C10H14O2/c1-10(2,3)8-6-7(11)4-5-9(8)12/h4-6,11-12H,1-3H3
InChIKey BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYAP
DrugBank DB07726
性质
化学式 C10H14O2
摩尔质量 166.22 g·mol−1
外观 黄褐色粉末
密度 1.050 g/mL
熔点 127-129 °C(400-402 K)
沸点 273 °C(546 K)
溶解性 微溶
pKa 10.80±0.18
危险性
警示术语 R:R22
安全术语 S:S26 S27 S28
MSDS External MSDS
主要危害 有害
相关物质
相关化学品 丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)
对叔丁基邻苯二酚(TBC)
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

特丁基对苯二酚[1](又称叔丁基对苯二酚,简称TBHQ)是一种,由对苯二酚上加一个叔丁基构成。

应用

特丁基对苯二酚是一种高效的抗氧化剂[2]。在食品中,特丁基对苯二酚用作植物油和多种食用动物油脂的抗氧化劑[3]。它遇铁不变色,也不会改变食品的味道或气味[2]。它也可以和其他防腐剂如丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)一同使用。其作为食品添加剂E编码E319。它由于可延长保存期限,它被广泛用于食品中。

在工业生产中,它可以用作抑制有机过氧化物自聚合的稳定剂。也可以作为抗腐蚀剂添加于生物燃油[4]。在香水中,TBHQ可以用作固定剂,抑制挥发并提高稳定性。此外,也用于油漆清漆树脂中。

安全及限制

欧洲食品安全局(EFSA)和美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)均认定在一定浓度内使用特丁基对苯二酚对人体是安全的[5]。FDA限制其在食用油脂中的添加量为0.02%[6]。在实验中,摄入较高浓度的特丁基对苯二酚使得实验动物出现胃肿瘤的征兆,并且发生DNA损伤[7]。一系列研究表明,长时间暴露在高浓度的TBHQ中可能会致癌[8],尤其是胃癌[9]。但也有其他研究得出了不同的结论,如TBHQ等酚类抗氧化剂可抑制多环胺类的致癌作用(TBHQ是其中之一,不是作为有效的一种)[10]。EFSA也认为TBHQ不会致癌[5]。1986年发表的一篇论文认为,从用量的角度考虑,容许的TBHQ用量与对实验动物造成损害的用量间有较大的裕量[11]

参考资料

  1. ^ GB 26403-2011 食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂 特丁基对苯二酚
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Fats and oils: formulating and processing for applications, Richard D. O'Brien, page 168
  3. ^ Tert-BUTYLHYDROQUINONE (TBHQ)页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), International Programme on Chemical Safety
  4. ^ Almeida, E.S., et al (2011). Behaviour of the antioxidant tert-butylhydroquinone on the storage stability and corrosive character of biodiesel. FUEL 90 (11): 3480-3484. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2011.06.056
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to tertiary-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), European Food Safety Authority, 12 July 2004
  6. ^ 21 C.F.R. § 172.185. [2013-12-21]. (原始内容存档于2011-08-31). 
  7. ^ Tert-Butylhydroquinone页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - safety summary from The International Programme on Chemical Safety
  8. ^ Gharavi N, El-Kadi A. tert-Butylhydroquinone is a novel aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005, 33 (3): 365–72. PMID 15608132. doi:10.1124/dmd.104.002253. 
  9. ^ Hirose, Masao; Yada, Hideaki; Hakoi, Kazuo; Takahashi, Satoru; Ito, Nobuyuki; et al. Modification of carcinogenesis by -tocopherol, t-butylhydro-quinone, propyl gallate and butylated hydroxytoluene in a rat multi-organ carcinogenesis model. Carcinogenesis (Oxford University Press): 2359–2364. [2010-02-02]. PMID 8242867. doi:10.1093/carcin/14.11.2359. (原始内容存档于2011-06-29). 
  10. ^ Hirose M, Takahashi S, Ogawa K, Futakuchi M, Shirai T, Shibutani M, Uneyama C, Toyoda K, Iwata H. Chemoprevention of heterocyclic amine-induced carcinogenesis by phenolic compounds in rats. Cancer Lett. 1999, 143 (2): 173–8. PMID 10503899. doi:10.1016/S0304-3835(99)00120-2. 
  11. ^ Vanesch, G. Toxicology of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). Food and Chemical Toxicology. 1986, 24 (10–11): 1063–5. PMID 3542758. doi:10.1016/0278-6915(86)90289-9. 
Read more information:

اضغط هنا للاطلاع على كيفية قراءة التصنيف أذن الفأر المتفرع المرتبة التصنيفية نوع  التصنيف العلمي النطاق: حقيقيات النوى المملكة: نباتات العويلم: النباتات الجنينية غير مصنف: حقيقيات الأوراق غير مصنف: البذريات غير مصنف: ثنائيات الفلقة غير مصنف: الوردانية غير مصنف: اللاميونا

Sole survivor of LANSA Flight 508 and mammalogist Juliane KoepckeKoepcke in April 2019Born (1954-10-10) 10 October 1954 (age 69)Lima, PeruOccupationMammalogistSpouse Erich Diller ​ ​(m. 1989)​RelativesHans-Wilhelm Koepcke (father)Maria Koepcke (mother) Juliane Margaret Beate Koepcke (born 10 October 1954), also known by her married name Juliane Diller, is a German-Peruvian mammalogist who specialises in bats. The daughter of German zoologists Maria and Han…

LengkongkulonDesaNegara IndonesiaProvinsiJawa BaratKabupatenMajalengkaKecamatanSindangwangiKode Kemendagri32.10.21.2003 Luas... km²Jumlah penduduk... jiwaKepadatan... jiwa/km² Lengkongkulon adalah desa di kecamatan Sindangwangi, Majalengka, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Galeri Masjid Lengkongkulon lbsKecamatan Sindangwangi, Kabupaten Majalengka, Jawa BaratDesa Balagedog Bantar Agung Buahkapas Jerukleueut Lengkongkulon Lengkongwetan Leuwilaja Padaherang Sindangwangi Ujungberung Artikel bertopik k…

«Дженшен» (K90) HMS Gentian (K90) Корвет «Дженшен» Служба Тип/клас корвет типу «Флавер» Держава прапора  Велика Британія Належність  Військово-морські сили Великої Британії На честь другий корабель флоту на ім'я «Дженшен» Корабельня Harland and Wolff, Белфаст Замовлено 19 вересня 1939 З

Old DogsTheatrical release posterSutradara Walt Becker Produser Andrew Panay Peter Abrams Robert Levy Ditulis olehDavid Diamond David WeissmanPemeranRobin Williams John Travolta Kelly Preston Seth Green Lori Loughlin Bernie Mac Matt DillonPenata musikJohn DebneySinematograferJeffrey L. KimballPenyuntingRyan Folsey Tom LewisPerusahaanproduksiTapestry FilmsStoopid MonkeyDistributorWalt Disney PicturesTanggal rilis 25 November 2009 (2009-11-25) (Amerika Serikat) 2 Desember 2009 …

Anti-war and anti-mobilization protests Further information: 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and Protests against the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine2022 North Caucasian protestsPart of the Anti-war protests in Russia (2022–present) and 2022 Russian partisan movementDate21–30 September 2022 (2022-09-21 – 2022-09-30)LocationNorthern Caucasus regions, RussiaCaused by Mobilization in Russia Ramzan Kadyrov's rule in Chechnya Goals Cancellation of mobilization in the regio…

Tri Lilije HallLocationPoženelova ulica 22, Laško, Slovenia[1]Coordinates46°09′53″N 15°13′49″E / 46.164708°N 15.230361°E / 46.164708; 15.230361OwnerMunicipality of LaškoCapacity2,500[1]Field size22,604 square feet (2,100.0 m2)[3]Opened1995[2]TenantsKK Zlatorog Laško Tri Lilije Hall (Slovene: Dvorana Tri lilije) is a multi-purpose sports venue located in Laško, Slovenia. The capacity of the arena is 2,500 for basketball…

العين البيضة تقسيم إداري البلد المغرب  الجهة مراكش آسفي الإقليم شيشاوة الدائرة شيشاوة الجماعة القروية لمزوضية المشيخة فرجان لوشاوشة السكان التعداد السكاني 245 نسمة (إحصاء 2004)   • عدد الأسر 28 معلومات أخرى التوقيت ت ع م±00:00 (توقيت قياسي)[1]،  وت ع م+01:00 (توقيت صيفي)[1 …

Destruction of diriya from 1811 to 1818 Siege of DiriyahPart of the Najd ExpeditionMap of Diriyah where some battles happened nearby the fortDate22 April – 9 September 1818LocationDiriyahResult Ottoman victory End of Ottoman Saudi warBelligerents Ottoman Empire First Saudi StateCommanders and leaders Ibrahim Pasha Abdullah bin Saud Strength 5500 menor7600 men (4,300 Turkish and Albanian soldiers2,000 cavalrymen1,300 Maghrebi cavalrymen150 gunners) UnknownCasualties and losses 1,500 killed…

Perth Seawater Desalination PlantThe Perth Seawater Desalination Plant seen from the south, September 2020Location within the Perth metropolitan areaDesalination plantLocationNaval Base, Western AustraliaCoordinates32°12′12″S 115°46′24″E / 32.203310°S 115.773282°E / -32.203310; 115.773282Estimated output144 megalitres per dayExtended output250 megalitres per dayCostA$389 millionEnergy usage180 GWh/yearEnergy generation offsetEmu Downs Wind FarmTechnologyRevers…

2022 video game 2022 video gameStrayDeveloper(s)BlueTwelve StudioPublisher(s)Annapurna InteractiveDirector(s)Koola and Viv[a]Producer(s)Swann Martin-RagetDesigner(s)Mathieu AudrainAlexandre BroduHugo Dunas-WaldProgrammer(s)Rémi BismuthSores HatipogluAntonin FerretWriter(s)Steven LernerComposer(s)Yann van der CruyssenEngineUnreal Engine 4Platform(s)PlayStation 4PlayStation 5WindowsXbox OneXbox Series X/SmacOSReleasePS4, PS5, Windows19 July 2022Xbox One, Series X/S10 August 2023macOS5 Dec…

Friday the 13th: The Game Разработчики IllFonic (до сентября 2018) Black Tower Games  (англ.) (рус. Издатель Gun Media  (англ.) (рус. Часть серии Пятница, 13-е Дата выпуска Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One 26 мая 2017 (цифровая версия) 13 октября 2017 (дисковая версия) Nintendo Switch 13 августа 2019 Жанр survival horror Создатели Про…

This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Age of Mastery – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 1998 studio album by Jag PanzerThe Age of MasteryStudio album by Jag PanzerReleasedSeptember 22, 1998RecordedMorrisound Studios, Tampa, Florida,…

Elaine Pen and Dostowjeski at Indoor Cross Country 54eme CHI de Genève 13 December 2014 Jan Matthias and Granulin 2 during indoor cross-country during Sweden International Horse Show 29 November 2018. Indoor cross country is a relatively new test of equestrian skills. It involves the use of both show jumping-type obstacles and cross country-type obstacles (including banks, water, logs, and brush fences) in a course of an indoor arena. Indoor cross-country has mainly been performed in Europe. Ho…

Cuka beras Korea Cuka beras Tiongkok Cuka beras adalah sejenis cuka yang terbuat dari beras yang difermentasi dan umum ditemukan di Jepang, Korea, Tiongkok dan Vietnam. Artikel bertopik makanan ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.lbs

American actress, writer and comedian For the producer, see Lorraine Newman. Laraine NewmanNewman in 2011Born (1952-03-02) March 2, 1952 (age 71)Los Angeles, California, U.S.OccupationsActresswritercomedianYears active1975–presentKnown forSaturday Night LiveSpouse Chad Einbinder ​ ​(m. 1991; div. 2016)​Children2, including Hannah EinbinderWebsitewp.larainenewman.com Laraine Newman (born March 2, 1952) is an American actress, comedi…

Hokkaido 2nd DistrictParliamentary constituencyfor the Japanese House of RepresentativesNumbered map of Hokkaidō Prefecture single-member districtsSapporo-area detailPrefectureHokkaidōProportional DistrictHokkaidōElectorate460,828 (2021)[1]Current constituencyCreated1994SeatsOnePartyCDPRepresentativeKenko MatsukiCreated fromHokkaidō's 1st medium-sized districtMunicipalitiesSapporo's Kita Ward and Higashi Ward Hokkaidō 2nd district (北海道[第]2区, Hokkai-dō [dai-]ni-ku) is a si…

Pour des articles plus généraux, voir Martin Heidegger et La philosophie de Martin Heidegger. Sein und Zeit Être et Temps Auteur Martin Heidegger Pays Allemagne Genre Essai philosophique Version originale Langue Allemand Titre Sein und Zeit Éditeur Max Niemeyer Lieu de parution Halle Date de parution 1927 Version française Traducteur François Vezin Éditeur Gallimard Collection Bibliothèque de philosophie Lieu de parution Paris Date de parution 1990 Nombre de pages 589 ISBN 978-2-07-07073…

Facial bones of a skull Facial bonesThe fourteen bones that form the human facial skeletonThe fourteen facial bones. (Neurocranium is shown in semi-transparent.)   Blue: Vomer (1)   Yellow: Maxilla (2)   Purple: Mandible (1)   Pink: Nasal bones (2)   Red: Palatine bones (2)   Bright blue: Lacrimal bones (2)   Dark green: Zygomatic bones (2)   Bright green: Inferior nasal concha (2)DetailsPart ofFace, skeletonIdentifi…

This is a list of flags used in Chile. For more information about the national flag, visit the article Flag of Chile. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flags of Chile. National flags Flag Date Use Description 1818- National flag, State flag, State ensign, Civil ensign and War ensign Three cantons. In superior level, a blue square to the left with a white five-ponted star within, and a white rectangle to the right. In the inferior level, a red rectangle. 1818- Flag of Chile (vertical) Presid…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya

Lokasi Pengunjung: 18.233.223.189