楊守敬

楊守敬
清代學者象傳》中的楊守敬像

楊守敬(1839年6月2日—1915年1月9日)谱名开科,榜名,更名守敬惺吾鄰蘇老人湖北省宜都人。清末歷史地理學家、金石文字學家、目錄版本學家。

生平

杨守敬1839年出生于 湖北省宜都市陆城镇表字惺吾。同治元年(1862年)次参加乡试舉人后,1865年考取景山官學教習。以后他一共七次进京赶考,[1]虽然没能考中,但结识了潘祖蔭张之洞等著名人物。[2]

杨守敬很小就对地理感兴趣,一生中大部分时间用来注疏郦道元6世纪的《水经注》。因为他通晓理知识,1880年出使日本,在駐日欽使黎庶昌手下充任隨員。因日本在明治维新后迅速西化,传统的中国出版物不再流行,变得十分便宜。因此,杨守敬和黎庶昌在日本购买了上万本中国古籍,有的在中国也很难找到,甚至是在中国绝版的。这些书在1884年以《古逸丛书》之名出版。[2]杨守敬去世后,國民政府收购了他的收藏,将他的藏书大都保存在國立故宮博物院[3]

回国后,杨守敬先后在武昌黄冈市教谕两湖书院教习、勤成(后改名存古)學堂總教長,築鄰蘇園,藏書甚豐,曾参加《荆州府志》的编纂。宣統元年(1909年)被举为礼部顾问官,次年兼聘为湖北省通志局纂修。武昌起義後,有歹徒持枪入屋,声言“借盘费。”避居上海袁世凯大总统,欲聘其为顾问,以“年老无意出山”拒绝赴任。晚年在上海賣字為生,自號鄰蘇老人民國三年(1914年)5月,袁世凯委任为參政院參政[4],因此楊往北京。四年(1915年)1月9日,在北京逝世[5],民国政府派专车护送灵柩回宜都,归葬宜茔龙窝。[6]

成就

楊守敬二十五歲前往北京市,即好金石学[7]搜求汉、魏六朝金石文字,[8]結交好友潘存[9]同治六年(1867年)著成《激素飞清阁评碑记》。

在日本期間,收集散佚在日本的中国古籍,写成《日本访书缘起条例》。在大阪市,有人见杨购书,“莫不窃笑癖而且痴,而余不顾也。”回國後黄公度鼓勵他写成《日本访书缘起条例》。

其亦好研究《水經注》,[10]光緒三年(1877年)《水经注疏·江水》的初稿写成。光緒三十年(1904年)與弟子熊会贞撰寫《水经注疏》稿成,[11]杨守敬每每点出:“此戴袭赵之确证。”[12]宣統元年(1909年)十月,罗振玉给杨守敬信中,称赞其“舆地之学”与王念孙段玉裁之“小学”、李善兰之“算学”为當時的“三绝学”。[13]

書法,宗歐陽詢,撰有《楷法溯源》、《评碑记》、《评帖记》、《学书迩言》等。藏书40万卷[14]。著有《歷代輿地圖》、《水經註圖》、《水經註疏》、《隋書地理誌考證》、《寰宇貞石圖》、《日本訪書志》等。民國八十年(1991年)王永瑞编审《杨守敬集》。

杨守敬 行书节录郦道元水经注卷 1899年

家人

  • 長子:楊道存
  • 次子:楊祇仲
  • 三子:楊秋浦[5]

注釋

  1. ^ 国学大师——杨守敬. [2020-04-23]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-05). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Brown, Shana J. Modern Antiquarianism and Sino-Japanese Rivalry: Yang Shoujing in Meiji Japan. Fogel, Joshua A. (编). Role of Japan in Modern Chinese Art. University of California Press. 2012: 69–83 [2020-04-23]. ISBN 978-0-520-28984-0. (原始内容存档于2021-03-05). 
  3. ^ 中國文物圖說: 國立故宮博物院手册. 國立故宮博物院. 1977 [2020-04-23]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-05). 
  4. ^ 命令 (PDF). 政府公報. 1914-05-27, (738號). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 故參政楊守敬之略歷. 神州日報 (上海). 1915-01-19. 參政院參政楊惺吾君守敬於本月九日午後五時在京逝世 
  6. ^ 杨守敬生平简介. 宜都市博物馆. [2020-04-23]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-08). 
  7. ^ 《三续寰宇访碑序》中说:“同治癸亥,余年二十有三(三当五)。入都,即好金石之学。”
  8. ^ 《望堂金石二集》中说:“余癸亥入都,游法源寺,见翁刻尚存……往拓乃得数纸。”
  9. ^ 杨守敬在四十一岁的《年谱》写:“孺初(按潘存)以穷京官,自顾不暇,而啬衣缩食,以济吾用。……记之以告子孙,其恩不可忘也。”
  10. ^ 潘存为《水经注疏》初稿题《叙语》:“楚北杨君惺吾,博览群籍,好深湛之思,凡所论述,妙语若百诗,笃实若竹汀,博辨若大可。尤精舆地之学,尝谓此事,在汉以应仲远为陋,在唐以杜君卿为疏,此必有洞见症结,而后敢为斯言,所谓眼高四海空无人者也。所撰《历史舆地图》,贯穿乙部,《隋书地理志考证》,算及巧历,而《水经注疏》神光所照,直与郦亭共语,足使谢山却步,赵、戴变色,文起梅村,未堪比数,霾蕴岁久,焕若神明,旷世绝学,独有千古,大雅宏达,不我河汉。”
  11. ^ 《虞初近志·杨守敬传》记载:“后十余年,与衍相见京师,则亟出《水经注疏》稿本相质,曰:‘吾书幸以成,多弟子熊生助属稿。’”陳垣曾与胡适论杨守敬《水经注疏》的成书年代。胡适根據杨守敬致梁鼎芬两封只署有“四月十三日”信札,于1948年8月14日写成《跋杨守敬论水经注案的手札两封》,考证此二信杨守敬写于光绪十九年或再后一年,陳垣回信說:“大跋在杨守敬写给梁鼎芬的信里,发见杨守敬光绪十九年还没有《水经注疏》的著作”。陈垣则认定信写于光绪二十三年。吳天任根据梁鼎芬《节庵先生遗诗》卷五“黄州诗”的记载,认为信写于光绪二十年,似较为可信。(見《杨惺吾先生年谱》)
  12. ^ 《水经注疏·卷五》,顺帝更名安平……道元误矣。戴改安帝。杨疏:“赵氏不捡……而……以订郦氏,大谬。戴氏亦不加详考,竟依改,可哂也。”
  13. ^ 杨守敬《殷商贞卜文字考跋》,载《邻苏老人题跋》,《杨守敬集》第8册。
  14. ^ 《和州杨氏家谱·开科》

參考書目

  • 吳天任:《楊惺吾先生年譜(附水經注疏清寫本與最後訂本校記)》,藝文印書館,1974。由著名詩人歷史學家酈學吳天任編撰。
  • 杨世灿:《杨守敬学术年谱》,湖北人民出版社出版,2004年。

Read other articles:

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada April 2017. Masaaki UekiInformasi pribadiNama lengkap Masaaki UekiTanggal lahir 23 Juli 1974 (umur 49)Tempat lahir Prefektur Ibaraki, JepangPosisi bermain PenyerangKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)1993-1995 Kashima Antlers * Penampilan dan gol di klub senior...

 

 

Jennifer SaundersSaunders di Melbourne, Australia, pada 23 April 2014Nama lahirJennifer Jane SaundersLahir6 Juli 1958 (umur 65)Sleaford, Lincolnshire, InggrisMedia Televisi film KebangsaanInggrisPendidikanSt Paul's Girls' SchoolAlma materCentral School Of Speech And Drama[1]Tahun aktif1981–sekarangGenre Komedi parodi Suami/istriAdrian Edmondson ​(m. invalid year)​Anak3, including Ella and Beattie Edmondson Jennifer Jane Saunders (lahir 6 Juli 1...

 

 

Untuk provinsi floristik, lihat wilayah floristik Tanjung. Untuk wilayah biogeografi marinir Australia, lihat Provinsi Tanjung (wilayah IMCRA). Provinsi Tanjung HarapanProvinsie van die Kaap die Goeie HoopPopulasi • 19916,125,335[1] Sejarah • AsalKoloni Tanjung • Didirikan31 Mei 1910 • Dihapuskan27 April 1994 • Dilanjutkan olehTanjung Barat, Tanjung Timur, Tanjung Utara, Provinsi Barat Laut StatusProvinsi Afrika SelatanP...

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Hungarian. (December 2009) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Hungarian article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English...

 

 

Major river in northern France Seine River redirects here. For other uses, see Seine (disambiguation) and Seine River (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Seyne or Sienne (river). SeineThe Seine in ParisTopographic map of the Seine basinNative namela Seine (French)LocationCountryFrancePhysical characteristicsSource  • locationSource-Seine MouthEnglish Channel (French: la Manche) • locationLe Havre/Honfleur • coordinates49°26...

 

 

The 99th United States Congress began on January 3, 1985. There were five new senators (three Democrats, two Republicans) and 41 new representatives (11 Democrats, 30 Republicans), as well as two new delegates (one Democrat, one Republican), at the start of the first session. Additionally, three senators (two Democrats, one Republican) and five representatives (four Democrats, one Republican) took office on various dates in order to fill vacancies during the 99th Congress before it ended on ...

Bagian dari seri tentangHukum KanonikGereja Katolik Hukum Mutakhir Kitab Hukum Kanonik 1983 Omnium in mentem Kitab Hukum Kanon Gereja-Gereja Timur Ad tuendam fidem Ex Corde Ecclesiae Indulgentiarum Doctrina Pastor Bonus Pontificalis Domus Universi Dominici Gregis Consuetudo Sejarah Hukum Kitab Hukum Kanonik 1917 Corpus Iuris Canonici Dekretis Regulæ Iuris Decretales Gregorii IX Dekretalis Decretum Gratiani Extravagantes Liber Septimus Tata Tertib Gereja Purba Didakhe Konstitusi Apostolik Kan...

 

 

Meal that Jesus shared with his apostles before his crucifixion For other uses, see The Last Supper (disambiguation). Depictions of the Last Supper in Christian art have been undertaken by artistic masters for centuries, Leonardo da Vinci's late-1490s mural painting in Milan, Italy, being the best-known example.[1] (Clickable image—use cursor to identify.) The Last Supper is the final meal that, in the Gospel accounts, Jesus shared with his apostles in Jerusalem before his crucifixion.[...

 

 

Villars-Saint-Georgescomune Villars-Saint-Georges – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Francia Regione Borgogna-Franca Contea Dipartimento Doubs ArrondissementBesançon CantoneSaint-Vit TerritorioCoordinate47°07′N 5°50′E / 47.116667°N 5.833333°E47.116667; 5.833333 (Villars-Saint-Georges)Coordinate: 47°07′N 5°50′E / 47.116667°N 5.833333°E47.116667; 5.833333 (Villars-Saint-Georges) Superficie5,1 km² Abitanti247[1] (2009) ...

ماركوس لوي (بالإنجليزية: Marcus Loew)‏    معلومات شخصية الميلاد 7 مايو 1870 [1]  نيويورك  الوفاة 5 سبتمبر 1927 (57 سنة) [1]  غلين كوف  سبب الوفاة نوبة قلبية  مواطنة الولايات المتحدة  الحياة العملية المهنة منتج أفلام  موظف في مترو غولدوين ماير  الجوائز نجمة ...

 

 

Slovenian road bicycle racer This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (February 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Jure GolčerPersonal informationFull nameJure GolčerBorn (1977-07-12) July 12, 1977 (age 46)Maribor, YugoslaviaHeight1.80 m (5 ft 11 in)Weight66 kg (146 lb)Team informationCurrent team...

 

 

Monarchist political faction in Bourbon Restoration France Ultra-royalists UltraroyalistesLeaderCharles X of FranceFounded1815; 209 years ago (1815)Dissolved1830; 194 years ago (1830)Succeeded byLegitimistsNewspaperLa GazetteLa QuotidienneLe ConservateurIdeologyMonarchismReactionarism[1][2]Ultramontanism[3][4][5]Conservatism[6][7]Political positionRight-wing[8]ReligionRoman Catholicis...

American non-profit organization This article may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments, a violation of Wikipedia's terms of use. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view. (March 2024) This article reads like a press release or a news article and may be largely based on routine coverage. Please help improve this article and add independent sources. (May 2016) Thurgood Marshall College FundAbbreviationTMCFFo...

 

 

Short-lived, unrecognized provisional government in mid-western U.S. McDonald TerritoryStatusUnrecognized StateCapitalPinevilleLargest cityAndersonGovernment• President Z.L. McGowan (1961-1962), Dan M. Harmon (1962) Today part of Missouri, United States The McDonald Territory was an extralegal, unrecognized territory of the United States that comprised all of McDonald County, Missouri and existed for a short time from 1961 to 1962. In 1961, a provisional government chose the name when ...

 

 

Santi Magi d'OrienteI Magi con i loro abiti tradizionali: brache, mantello e berretto frigio. Ravenna, Basilica di Sant'Apollinare Nuovo, ca 600 Nascitain Persia,? MorteGalilea - Giudea, I secolo d.C Venerato daTutte le Chiese che ammettono il culto dei santi Santuario principaleDuomo di Colonia, Basilica di Sant'Eustorgio, Milano Ricorrenza24 luglio AttributiOro, incenso e mirra Manuale Nella tradizione cristiana i Magi[Nota 1] (singolare Magio)[Nota 2] sono alcuni saggi...

Dutch banker and art collector (1729–1811) Herengracht 70-72 which De Neufville rented from Pieter Steyn and where he lived during his bankruptcy. Leendert Pieter de Neufville (Amsterdam, March 8, 1729 – Rotterdam, July 28, 1811) was a Dutch merchant and banker trading in silk, linen, and grain. His business grew quickly during the Seven Years' War. De Neufville secretly supplied the Prussian army with gunpowder. It is likely that the army's outsourcing of handling bills of e...

 

 

Script for the Carrier language of British Columbia, Canada Carrier syllabicsScript type graphically moraic alphabet CreatorAdrien-Gabriel MoriceTime periodCreated in 1885, with its usage beginning to fade in the 1920sLanguagesCarrier (Dakelh)Related scriptsSister systemsCree syllabary, which also influenced the design of the letters This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. ...

 

 

本條目存在以下問題,請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。 此條目使用外部链接的方式可能不符合维基百科的方针或指引,或致使內文成為链接農場。 (2017年5月17日)請協助清理過度與不適當的外部連結,并将有用的链接移到参考文献中。详情请参见条目的讨论页。 此條目的语调或风格或許不合百科全書。 (2017年5月17日)請根據指南協助改善这篇条目,並在讨论�...

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Popper. Karl PopperKarl Popper vers 1980.Naissance 28 juillet 1902Vienne (Autriche-Hongrie)Décès 17 septembre 1994 (à 92 ans)Londres (Royaume-Uni)Sépulture Mortuary Lainzer Friedhof (d)Nationalités britanniqueautrichienneFormation Université de Vienne (à partir de 1918)Université de Vienne (doctorat) (jusqu'en 1928)Université de CambridgeÉcole/tradition Philosophie analytique, libéralismePrincipaux intérêts Philosophie des sciences, épist�...

 

 

French-British engineer (1769–1849) For the American football quarterback, see Mark Brunell. SirMarc Isambard BrunelFRS FRSEPortrait of Marc Isambard Brunel by James Northcote, 1813BornMarc Isambard Brunel(1769-04-25)25 April 1769Hacqueville, Normandy, FranceDied12 December 1849(1849-12-12) (aged 80)Westminster, London, EnglandResting placeKensal Green CemeteryNationality French (1769–1796) American (1796–1849) OccupationEngineerKnown forThames TunnelSpouse Sophia Kingdom&...