普拉佐圖克反猶暴動

普拉佐圖克反猶暴動[1]發生在1936年3月9日,波蘭拉多姆縣普拉佐圖克英语Przytyk鎮的猶太社區,是波蘭兩次大戰期間最重大的反猶暴力事件,並引起世界的關注。在第二次世界大戰將近爆發前,發生在波蘭一系列的反猶太屠殺之一[2]

事件經過

當地農民因為受到波蘭的民族民主黨政客的反猶太宣傳煽動[3],有組織的抵制猶太人經營的商店,之後逐漸升級到攻擊猶太商店的暴力浪潮。猶太人自主防衛,就在快要暴動的前兩天,有一些猶太居民在市鎮廣場遭到當地居民有預謀的襲擊,但沒有重大事件[4]。兩天之後在市場集會的一天,農民開始攻擊猶太人,最終事件以2名猶太人和1名波蘭人死亡而結束[4][3]

審判和影響

事件過後有多人被逮捕,審訊隨著事件發展在6月2日展開,涉及43位波蘭人和14名猶太人被告,後者以對波蘭農民的暴力行為被指控。判決在6月26日宣布,17位猶太人判處8年6個月的刑期,而39位波蘭人判處1年6個月的刑期。被告的猶太人宣稱出於自衛,但法庭駁回了這些論據。判決一出,讓在波蘭的猶太社區群情激憤,導致全國性的罷工[2]

這起事件的報導也震驚了波蘭的猶太居民,還有世界各地的猶太人。並促起波蘭猶太人顯著的移民潮[4]

莫迪凯·戈比尔英语Mordechai Gebirtig在1938年創做的一首歌《我們的小鎮著火了英语Es brent》便與此事件有關[5]

這起反猶情緒幾天後傳到臨近城鎮,陸續有猶太人受害。到暴力事件終止之前,大約有80名猶太人被殺害。整個1935年到1937年間,在波蘭的琴斯托霍瓦卢布林比亞韋斯托克格羅德諾等地皆發生反猶暴動[1]

參見

註腳

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 (中文)大屠杀前欧洲犹太人的生活. 美國大屠殺紀念館. [2012-02-21]. (原始内容存档于2017-07-09). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Emanuel Melzer, No Way Out: The Politics of Polish Jewry 1935-1939. Monographs of the Hebrew Union College 19. Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1997.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 David Vital, A people apart: the Jews in Europe, 1789-1939, Oxford University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-19-820805-7, Google Print, p.784
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Gilbert, Sir Martin. The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War. Henry Holt and Company. 1986: 51. ISBN 978-0030624162.
  5. ^ Our Town Is Burning (Undzer shtetl brent). Music of the Holocaust. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. undated [2009-07-26]. (原始内容存档于2009-07-27). 

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