普實臺文使用21個基本拉丁字母(A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, S, T, U, Z)、五個二合字母(Ch, Ng, Oi, Ph, Zh)來表示臺語中的子音與母音,其餘五個拉丁字母(F, R, W, X, Y)則用來表示聲調或拼寫外來語時所用。
註19:科根台語。陳慶洲,陳宇勳 合著,“臺語初步”,初版,臺北縣板橋市,陳慶洲 1998(民87). ISBN 957-97258-8-8 。陳慶洲,陳宇勳 編著,“臺華字典 (Taiwanese - Chinese dictionary)”,初版,臺北縣板橋市,陳慶洲 1998(民87). ISBN 957-97257-9-9
臺文語法與中國南部的方言如:閩南語、客家話、及廣東話之語法類似。典型的語序為"主語+動詞+受詞"亦相同於普通話的語法,不過另有其它的語序如:"主語+ka+受詞+動詞"(屬於主宾谓结构),或 "受詞+ho+主語+動詞"(被動語態,屬於宾主谓结构),此二種語序須伴隨著 ka 、ho 等"不變詞"(質詞)來使用。舉一個簡單的例子:如"我抱妳"(I hold you.)的句子。字詞包含有:goar(我)、phoi(抱)、lie(妳)。以下就此句之各式句型的應用變化加以分析。
主語+動詞+受詞(標準臺文語序)
臺文句子上標準的語序為: Goar phoi lie.(我抱"著"妳,"I hold you.")的意思。
臺語在"你(他)打我"的語句表現,會慣常的使用《主語+ka+受詞+動詞》的句式。比如:習慣會用 Lie ka goar phaq. 或者 Y ka goar phaq.;如用 Lie phaq goar.(You hit me.) 或者 Y phaq goar.(He hits me.) 則指控性質就比較嚴重了。
受詞+ho+主語+動詞(被動語態)
接著,Lie ho goar phoi 亦是表示同樣的意思、不過用被動語態屬於宾主谓结构,意即"你允許你自己被我抱"(You allow yourself to be held by me) 或者"你讓你自己可以被我抱"(You make yourself available for my holding)。
“ho”為語助詞(不變詞),《受詞+ho+主語+動詞(被動語態)》的句式表示的被動態有些祈使的意思。如 Lie ho goar phoi 改用 Goar phoi lie. 則有些命令式的語氣。而用主動語態Goar ka lie phoi. 語氣會緩和一些,祈使性質多一點。
主詞(主句)+(booi)pie"(不)比"+受詞(副句)+ka+形容詞
為比較句型: Goar pie lie ka saxn.(我比你窮,"I am poorer than you.")的意思。pie:比"較"之意,為"比較連接詞"。ka:較……,"語助詞"作強調用。saxn:窮,為"形容詞"。
基本上 Goar pie lie ka saxn 的句子語氣比較強一些。如說:Lie (booi)ka hoirgia(你"較(沒)"有錢)則語氣弱一點。
為假設句型: Nafsi bexhiarng korng daigie, doihaix oih.(若是"你"不會講台語,就要學.", "If you can not speak Taiwanese, you need to learn it")。Nafsi(Nafmxsi):"若(不)是"之意,為"假設連接詞"。doihaix(doihmx):"就要(不)"之意,"副詞"作後接強調用。bexhiarng:不會,為"否定動詞",臺語允許雙動詞結構後接動詞"korng"。korng:"講"之意,為"動詞。oih:"學"之意,為"動詞"。
藉由基本臺語句型的活用,因而很多結構較複雜的句型可以如此的組合並建立起來,如:Goar viuo zuie ho lie lym(我舀水給妳喝,"I ladle out water for you to drink"),句中 viuo 為舀(水)"to ladle out(water) "、zuie 意思為水"water"、 lym 為喝"to drink"之意。此外,臺語語法及句型相當多,進一步閱讀請自行參考相關文獻書籍。
^Chiu Bien-Ming(周辨明), Dr. Phil, Professor of Linguistics, University of Amoy, "The Phonetic Structure and Tone Behaviour in Hagu (commonly known as the Amoy Dialect) and Their Relation to Certain Qestions in Chinese Linguistics (廈門音韻聲調之構造與性質及其於中國音韻學上某項問題之關係)", Department of Linguistics, University of Amoy. 1934,祥生出版社,臺北市,1975年3月台一版. 內版台業字:第2164號
^廈語入門(Halgur Lessons for Beginners; 廈語拼音字之改進(Halgur: Tonal Spelling for Amoy Romanization))[1] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),20年代早期出版;修訂本,廈門大學書同文社,1949年9月。
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