昆士蘭州歷史

Coat of Arms of Australia
这篇文章是
澳大利亚历史系列的一部分
通史
史前时期
1901年前
1901年後
时间表
按主题
探险
宪法
联邦
移民
军事
州和领地
首都直辖区
昆士蘭
塔斯马尼亚
维多利亚
西澳大利亚
民族
原住民
城市史
阿德莱德
布里斯班
堪培拉
墨尔本
珀斯
悉尼

澳洲原住民大約於四萬年前到達現在的昆士蘭州居住。現在的托雷斯海峽群島島民(Torres Strait Islanders)抵達的時間則比澳洲原住民晚了許多。托雷斯海峽群島島民屬於美拉尼西亞人,與澳洲原住民不同。1606年,荷蘭航海家威廉·揚松在約克角西岸登陸,是第一個登陸澳洲歐洲人。1770年,英國人詹姆斯·庫克沿著澳洲東岸向北航行,抵達了昆士蘭。歐洲人從1824年開始在昆士蘭殖民,昆士蘭於1859年成為一個獨立的殖民地。1901年,澳洲聯邦成立,昆士蘭成為澳洲聯邦的一州。

五萬至一萬兩千年前

在冰河時期,海平面較低,托雷斯海峽群島曾經為連接澳洲大陸與新幾內亞的陸橋的一部份。一般認為,澳洲原住民可能在四至五萬年前,或是經由此陸橋,或是乘船越過帝汶海,由東南亞抵達澳洲大陸。連接昆士蘭與新幾內亞的陸橋在一萬兩千年前,最近一次冰河時期結束後被海水淹沒。

一萬兩千年前至十七世紀

昆士蘭與新幾內亞的陸橋被海水淹沒後,兩地還是保持來往。留在新幾內亞的原住民的後代成為巴布亞人[1]。巴布亞人與澳洲原住民仍然互有往來。大約三千五百年前,南島民族的美拉尼西亞人抵達新幾內亞[2],是現在的托雷斯海峽群島島民的祖先,他們居住在托雷斯海峽群島至少已經有兩千五百年之久。

十七至十八世紀

1705年,荷蘭威廉·揚松爪哇西部的万丹英语Banten (town)啟程航向新幾內亞。之後他越過阿拉弗拉海,進入卡奔塔利亞灣,並且在1606年2月26日在約克角半島西岸的彭尼法瑟河英语Pennefather River登陸,此地在今日的韋帕(Weipa)附近。這是歷史上第一次歐洲人登陸澳洲大陸。之後他又繼續向南航行,因為當地多為沼澤,他的隊員中又有多人在多次登陸探勘的過程中被原住民殺害,揚松在航行到今日的Cape Keerweer之後決定回頭向北航行。

參考文獻

  1. ^ Modern Tribalist: Y-chromosomes of Australian Aborigines show that they came from Africa. [2008-10-17]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05). 
  2. ^ New Guinea. New World Encyclopedia. [2008-10-17]. (原始内容存档于2008-10-05). 

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