^Erich M. von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs, "Classification of Musical Instruments," Translated from the original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann, The Galpin Society Journal XIV (1961), 15-16, https://www.jstor.org/stable/842168.
^Sachs, Curt (1940). The History of Musical Instruments, p.456. W. W. Nortan & Company, Inc. ISBN0-393-02068-1
^Arroyos, Rafael Pérez. Egypt: Music in the Age of the Pyramids 1st. Madrid: Centro de Estudios Egipcios. 2003: 29. ISBN 8493279617.