地球化學部是研究過去和現在支配地球環境的因素。 利用化學和同位素分析,研究空氣、水、生物遺骸、岩石和隕石樣本,以解決廣泛的科學問題。從世界貿易中心倒塌排放的微粒和化學污染物,到地球過去氣候的變化,以及與地幔和地核的分化和形成有關的基本化學過程。早期地球化學部門由Wallace S.Broecker Paul W.Gast
兩位科學家共同領導,他們指導的華人研究生包括顧德隆,李遠煇,孫賢鉥及彭宗宏等人,均爲台灣大學畢業生。
海洋地質和地球物理學
顧名思義,海洋地質和地球物理學部 (MG&G) 的科學家主要研究是地球海底的結構和演化。 使用的科學儀器包括側掃聲納,衛星的遙感和多頻道地震測量來繪製地表和地下構造圖。 MG&G 研究人員的早期成功是發現了海底擴張,這就導致人們普遍接受地震是由板塊構造運動所造成的。 其他研究包括冰蓋和基岩之間的界面、哈德遜河中的沉積物運輸以及深海中的隕石撞擊等。這部門早期由 James D. Hays Lynn R. Sykes兩位科學家共同領導,他們指導的華人研究生包括陳培心等人,為部門博士班首届華人。
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