《巴斯克維爾的獵犬》(英語:The Hound of the Baskervilles,另譯:《地獄犬》)是英國作家柯南·道爾的一部以偵探夏洛克·福爾摩斯和他的助手約翰·華生為主角的長篇偵探小說中的其中一篇故事,故事發生的地點為英國西南部德文郡的達特穆爾鄉間中流傳出受到一隻靈異魔犬的糾纏與百年詛咒的貴族莊園中所發生的駭人案件。本篇最初是於1901年8月至1902年4月在The Strand Magazine連載。是《最後一案》之後福爾摩斯的首次復出,並開啟他的後續登臺。該小說並多次被翻拍成電影與動畫。[1]台湾1970年代,东方出版社出版过此书注音版,名为《夜光怪兽》,是給小讀者看的簡明版。
在十八世紀英國倫敦的貝克街道路中的貝克街221B號寓所中,剛吃完早餐的偵探福爾摩斯與他的助手華生聽到敲門聲,福爾摩斯跟華生解釋之前有人來拜訪與委託他們卻在回去時忘記帶走拐杖,他依據拐杖的長度與握把的設計上推測出拐杖與其犬型齒痕的持有者是一位飼養捲毛獵犬的主治醫師,後來他在打開門後出現一位中年男子,這位男子是居住在某座位於德文郡西南部的達特穆爾鄉間中隸屬望族巴斯克維爾家族的巨大莊園宅邸——巴斯克維爾館的前主人查爾斯·巴斯克維爾爵士(Sir Charles baskerville)的好友兼主治醫師——詹姆斯·莫蒂默教授(Professor James Mortimer)。莫蒂默教授進入公寓內請求福爾摩斯協助並且把情況從頭到尾解釋清楚。
約翰·華生醫生 (Dr John Watson)–是福爾摩斯摯友也是私人偵探的記錄人。在本案中代替福爾摩斯調查嫌疑人的行動,在福爾摩斯現身前盡力地嘗試解決問題。
案件中出場的人物、其他掌握案件關鍵的角色
雨果·巴斯克維爾爵士 (Sir Hugo Baskerville) – 十七世紀的巴斯克維爾家族的先祖亦是西部地區的大領地主,年輕時總是為非作歹、卑劣粗俗、貪婪無厭、殘暴狂妄、驕奢淫逸、沈迷酒色、作威作福、完全不信上帝也不學無術,與自己手有好閒的手下做盡壞事搞到聲名狼籍,甚至過度迷戀與拐騙一位農夫的女兒把自己的靈魂賣給魔鬼逼她逃至達特姆爾荒原懸崖的高沼地,因此命喪於巨大魔犬的利齒上,導致自家的家族成員遭受一連串的譴責與詛咒中離奇身亡。自己的肖像畫為福爾摩斯提供線索並且推斷出傑克·斯泰普頓是巴斯克維爾家族的後裔。
查爾斯·巴斯克維爾爵士 (Sir Charles Baskerville) –最近因心臟病而過世的巴斯克維爾莊園的前任地主與男爵爵士,亨利的伯父。兩年從南美洲搬回莊園定居,他沒有子嗣並且打算對周邊荒蕪的地區進行開發工作,由於身體狀況欠佳總是每天在晚上夜間散步,生前希望姪兒亨利能繼承自己的遺志時要特別當心高沼地的危險性,當時案發現場的足跡顯示出自己正在逃離什麽東西。而且在遺體旁有大型犬的腳印。
泥沼中的女孩(a Girl in the Mire)–其本名不詳(疑似名為「富羅琳」(Florin),十七世紀中隸屬巴斯克維爾家族的莊園的鄰村的某個農莊地主的女兒,亦是被雨果·巴斯克維爾給糾纏的被害者與掌握魔犬詛咒的關鍵角色。身為自耕農家之地主的父親在鄰村附近擁有許多的畝土也受到村民們的尊敬。
亨利·巴斯克维尔爵士 (Sir Henry Baskerville)– 查尔斯的侄子、斯泰普顿的堂兄弟,袭承爵士的头衔。被描述为“瘦小、精明、眼睛黝黑的男人,约30岁左右,身体很好。”经由伯父的醫師莫蒂默的介绍认识福尔摩斯和华生以保护自己的安全以免家族斷絕血脈。在故事的高潮中被福尔摩斯和华生所救躲離「魔犬」的襲擊。
詹姆斯·莫蒂默醫生 (Dr James Mortimer)–巴斯克維爾莊園的前任地主查爾斯的朋友兼醫生。被描述为高大、消瘦、心地善良,行為古怪。是個稱職的鄉村醫生,忠誠地執行查爾斯爵士的遺囑。由於查爾斯的猝逝案對繼承遺產的查爾斯的侄子亨利可能會身處險境,便在故事的起初乘坐火車去倫敦尋求福爾摩斯的幫助。在整個故事中為案件的調查提供協助。
約翰和伊丽莎·巴裏摩爾 (John and Eliza Barrymore)– 巴斯克維爾家的管家。夫婦二人真摯、友善,約翰是查爾斯已故的老管家之子,其家侍奉查爾斯的家族長達四輩,伊丽莎本性為塞爾登,是塞爾登的姊姊,她曾過去撫養還是懂事的塞爾登確疏於給他適當的教育,即使知道弟弟犯下多數罪行卻依然袒護並且暗中提供衣食給他。
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