属七和弦

属七和弦一词主要有两个意思——功能意义上的属七和弦和结构意义上的属七和弦。

功能意义上的七和弦指的是在音阶中的上构成的七和弦,即五级七和弦(D7即V7)。

以C为根音的属七和弦Play.

结构意义上的属七和弦,又称大小七和弦,是一组由根音大三度音、纯五度音和小七度音构成的和弦。也可以被看作是一个大三和弦(或曰“大调三和弦”)附加一个小七度音。在流行音乐的标记符号体系中,其标示方法是:在一个标示和弦根音的字母之后,上标数字“7”。[1] 它包含一個三全音

dominant seventh chord
根音的音程
小七度
純五度
大三度
根音
調律
20:25:30:36

属七和弦一览表

和弦标记 根音 大三度音 纯五度音 小七度音 含有该属七和弦的调 大调中的属七和弦 和声小调中的属七和弦
C7 C E G B F
{\key f \major <c' e' g' bes'>}
{\key f \minor <c' e' g' bes'>}
C7 C E (F) G B F
{\key fis \major <cis' eis' gis' b'>}
{\key fis \minor <cis' eis' gis' b'>}
D7 D F A C (B) G
{\key ges \major <des' f' aes' ces''>}
{\key ges \minor <des' f' aes' ces''>}
D7 D F A C G
{\key g \major <d' fis' a' c''>}
{\key g \minor <d' fis' a' c''>}
D7 D F雙升 (G) A C G
{\key gis \major <dis' fisis' ais' cis''>}
{\key gis \minor <dis' fisis' ais' cis''>}
E7 E G B D A
{\key aes \major <es' g' bes' des''>}
{\key aes \minor <es' g' bes' des''>}
E7 E G B D A
{\key a \major <e' gis' b' d''>}
{\key a \minor <e' gis' b' d''>}
F7 F A C E B
{\key bes \major <f' a' c'' es''>}
{\key bes \minor <f' a' c'' es''>}
F7 F A C E B
{\key b \major <fis' ais' cis'' e''>}
{\key b \minor <fis' ais' cis'' e''>}
G7 G B D F (E) C
{\key ces \major <ges' bes' des'' fes''>}
{\key ces \minor <ges' bes' des'' fes''>}
G7 G B D F C
{\key c \major <g' b' d'' f''>}
{\key c \minor <g' b' d'' f''>}
G7 G B (C) D F C
{\key cis \major <gis' bis' dis'' fis''>}
{\key cis \minor <gis' bis' dis'' fis''>}
A7 A C E G D
{\key des \major <aes' c'' es'' ges''>}
{\key des \minor <aes' c'' es'' ges''>}
A7 A C E G D
{\key d \major <a' cis'' e'' g''>}
{\key d \minor <a' cis'' e'' g''>}
A7 A C雙升 (D) E (F) G D
{\key dis \major <ais' cisis'' eis'' gis''>}
{\key dis \minor <ais' cisis'' eis'' gis''>}
B7 B D F A E
{\key es \major <bes' d'' f'' aes''>}
{\key es \minor <bes' d'' f'' aes''>}
B7 B D F A E
{\key e \major <b' dis'' fis'' a''>}
{\key e \minor <b' dis'' fis'' a''>}

大小七和弦的解决

由于大小七和弦在结构上包含三全音小七度两个不协和音程,这使得它在功能和声音乐中有着迫切地解决需求。

属七和弦的解决

功能意义上的属七和弦(D7即V7)是在属音上构建的大小七和弦,这个和弦包含了音阶中的属音导音上主音以及下属音

导音有强烈的向上半音级进解决的倾导性,而下属音作为属七和弦的七音有着强烈的向下级进解决的倾倒性,所以属七和弦最常见的解决方式是解决到主和弦上,形成 D7-T 或 D7-t 的和声语汇。

属七和弦也可以解决到主功能组的其他和弦上,例如在阻碍终止中,属七和弦解决到六级和弦上,形成 D7-TSVI 或 D7-tsVI 的和声语汇。

大小七和弦的等和弦的解决

根音的减七和弦、三音的减五六和弦、五音的减三四和弦、七音的减二和弦和根音的小五六和弦在结构上都与大小七和弦等音,但他们在调性中的和声功能以及他们的解决方式都与属七和弦截然不同。

降三音的重属导五六和弦(♭3DDVII),俗称德国增六和弦(Gr+6或Ger),它的实际上是一个降三音的减五六和弦,但是其结构上与大小七和弦等音三音重属导五六和弦一般解决到终止四六和弦然后解决到属和弦并解决到主和弦,形成 ♭3DDVII-K-D-T 的和声语汇。三音重属导五六和弦也可以直接解决到或属七和弦,形成 ♭3DDVII-D 的和声语汇,但在声部写作中一般会出现平行五度,这个平行五度被称作莫扎特五度,是被允许使用的。如果想避免这个平行五度,也可以先让三音重属导五六和弦解决到五音重属三四和弦(即法国增六和弦)然后再解决到属和弦,最后解决到主和弦,形成 ♭3DDVII-♭5DD-D-T的和声语汇。

C调中的各种大小七和弦的或大小七和弦的等和弦列表

斯波索宾标记 罗马数字分析法 C大调中的音 c小调中的音
♭3DVII vii°6
5
 
♭1
{\key c \major <des' f' aes' b'>}
{\key c \minor <des' f' aes' b'>}
DD7 V7/V
{\key c \major <d' fis' a' c''>}
{\key c \minor <d' fis' a' c''>}
dVII₇→(s) VII7/iv
{\key c \major <es' g' bes' des''>}
{\key c \minor <es' g' bes' des''>}
♭5DVII vii°4
3
 
♭1
{\key c \major <fes' aes' b' d''>}
{\key c \minor <fes' aes' b' des''>}
♯1SII ii♯6
5
{\key c \major <f' a' c'' dis''>}
{\key c \minor <f' a' c'' dis''>}
♭3DVII→(S) vii°6
5
 
♭1
/IV
{\key c \major <ges' bes' des'' e''>}
{\key c \minor <ges' bes' des'' e''>}
D7 V7
{\key c \major <g' b' d'' f''>}
{\key c \minor <g' b' d'' f''>}
♭3DDVII Ger+6
{\key c \major <aes' c'' es'' fis''>}
{\key c \minor <aes' c'' es'' fis''>}
♭5DVII→(s) vii°4
3
 
♭1
/iv
{\key c \major <beses' des'' e'' g''>}
{\key c \minor <beses' des'' e'' g''>}
dVII₇ ♭VII7
{\key c \major <bes' d'' f'' aes''>}
{\key c \minor <bes' d'' f'' aes''>}
♭5dDVII vii°4
3
 
♭1
/v
{\key c \major <ces'' es'' fis'' a''>}
{\key c \minor <ces'' es'' fis'' a''>}

参见

注释

资料来源

  1. ^ 本华德与沙克尔(Benward & Saker)(2003年)。《音乐:理论与实践》(Music: In Theory and Practice), Vol. I, p.77.第七版. ISBN 978-0-07-294262-0.

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