家庭計畫 (台灣)

家庭計畫是中華民國政府在1950年代至1970年代推行的一系列計畫生育政策。因國共內戰後中國國民黨帶了100多萬的軍民來台,再加上醫療進步、死亡率降低等因素,讓台灣人口迅速增加。政府出於減緩人口膨脹的目的,提出了家庭計畫。此計畫促使台灣人口自然增加率的下降,改變了「多子多孫」、「養兒防老」的傳統觀念,增進了生育相關知識。[1]

背景

1949年,中華民國政府遷台,帶來約150萬的移民,使台灣人口迅速增加,達到約750萬。由於當時政府計畫「反攻大陸」,因此並未將此事視為問題。但隨政局變化,國民黨回到中國大陸的可能性逐漸降低,再加上當時家庭普遍有著「多子多孫多福氣」的觀念,人口問題開始受到重視,便開始於1960年代後期推動節育[2]

中國農村復興聯合委員會主力推動下,於1953年成立中國家庭計畫協會,專責指導婚姻、生育、家庭生活及衛生之普及教育。1964年,臺灣省政府衛生處提出「擴大進行台灣省家庭計畫五年方案」,計畫在五年內協助60萬名介於生育年齡、有配偶的女性裝置樂普避孕器(雙S型,塑膠製),預計在10年內降低20%的生育率。[1]

口號演變

  • 1964年,全面推行家庭計畫,宣導口號為「實施家庭計畫,促進家庭幸福」、「實施家庭計畫,保持青春健康」。
  • 1967年,提出「五三口號」,呼籲民眾婚後「3」年才生育、間隔「3」年再生育、最多不超過「3」個孩子、「33」歲以前全部生完。
  • 1971年,提出「兩個孩子恰恰好,男孩女孩一樣好」以及「三三二一」口號。「三三二一」係指婚後「三」年生第一個孩子,過了「三」年再生一個,「兩」個孩子恰恰好,男孩女孩「一」樣好。[3]

參考來源

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 于宗先、王金利. 台灣人口變動與經濟發展. 台灣: 聯經出版公司. 2009-01-23. ISBN 9789570833775. 
  2. ^ 【那一年的這一天】1968年5月2日政院通過《台灣地區家庭計畫實施辦法》 正式推動家庭計畫. 民報. 2017-05-02 [2020-03-09]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-06) (中文(臺灣)). 
  3. ^ 宏政, 蔡. 台灣人口政策的歷史形構 (PDF). [2020-03-09]. 

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