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孫增一
(Furud)
	孫增一的位置（紅圈）
觀測資料; 曆元 J2000.0
星座	大犬座
星官	孫（井宿）
赤經	06h 20m 18.79204s
赤緯	–30° 03′ 48.1202″
視星等（V）	+3.025
特性
光谱分类	B2.5 V
U−B 色指数	–0.71
B−V 色指数	–0.195
变星类型	疑似仙王座β
天体测定
徑向速度 (Rv)	+32.2 km/s
自行 (μ)	赤经：+7.32 mas/yr ; 赤纬：+4.03 mas/yr
视差 (π)	9.00 ± 0.13 mas
距离	362 ± 5 ly ; (111 ± 2 pc)
绝对星等 (MV)	−2.21
	軌道
繞行週期 (P)	675 days
偏心率 (e)	0.57
詳細資料
質量	7.7 ± 0.2 M☉
半徑	3.9 R☉
表面重力 (log g)	4.0
亮度	3,603 L☉
溫度	18,700 K
自轉速度 (v sin i)	25 km/s
年齡	32.0 ± 0.4 Myr
其他命名
	Furud、Phurud、大犬座ζ、大犬座1、CD−30°3038、FK5 240、HD 44402、HIP 30122、HR 2282、SAO 196698。
參考資料庫
SIMBAD	资料

孫增一（大犬座ζ）的西方固有名稱為Furud /ˈfjʊərəd/^[13]，是在大犬座的一顆光譜聯星。

名稱

大犬座ζ的名稱是德國天文學家約翰·拜耳在1603年依據拜耳命名法賦予孫增一的名字。

它傳統的固有名稱是Furud或Phurud，是源自阿拉伯的ألفرود al-furūd，意思是"孤獨者"。這是早期阿拉伯詩人位許多不知名恆星所使用的一種呼籲。後來，阿拉伯天文學家試圖用這個名稱來識別特定的恆星，但主要是用在半人馬座和天鴿座。但在天文學大成中，將天鴿座的這顆星被納入大犬座，導致她成為大犬座ζ星的名字^[14]

波斯天文學家阿左飛稱這些星星為ألأغربة al-ʼaghribah，意思為"烏鴉"^[15]。

在2016年，國際天文學聯合會的IAU恆星名稱工作組（WGSN）^[16]對恆星的正確名稱進行編目和標準化。在2016年7月，WGSN公布了一批名單^[17]，包括WGSN最早公布的兩批名單，確認孫增一的標準名稱是Furud。

性質

這個系統的視星等是+3.0^[2]，是大犬座中較亮的星，因此很容易用裸眼看見。根據依巴谷衛星的任務，測量得到的視差估計，它與太陽的距離大約是362 ly（111 pc）^[1]。這是只有一組光譜線的光譜聯星系統，這意味著式望遠鏡不能解析成為兩顆獨立的恆星，但是看不見的天體測量伴星（英语：Astrometric companion）受到的引力攝動，可以通過都卜勒效應引起的恆星光譜移位來辨別。這一對以675天的的軌道週期繞著彼此的質量中心運行，離心率為0.57 ^[7]。

主星是較大的恆星，半徑約為太陽的4倍^[9]，質量約為太陽的8倍^[8]。它的恆星分類為B2.5V ^[3]，這意味著它是一顆B型主序星，正經由核心的氫進行核融合產生能量。它輻射的光度是太陽的3,603倍^[10]，並且被懷疑是顆仙王座β型變星^[4]。這些能量以18,700K的有效溫度從其表面向外輻射^[10]，使它呈現B型星的藍白色調^[18]。對於一顆恆星來說，它相對是年輕的，估計年齡是3,200萬年^[8]。

孫增一的位置在太陽背點的附近。

參考資料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 van Leeuwen, F., Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction, Astronomy and Astrophysics, November 2007, 474 (2): 653–664, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, arXiv:0708.1752 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Cousins, A. W. J., UBV Photometry of Some Very Bright Stars, Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa, 1972, 31: 69, Bibcode:1972MNSSA..31...69C
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Houk, Nancy, Michigan catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD stars 3, Ann Arbor, Michigan: Dept. of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1979, Bibcode:1982mcts.book.....H
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Telting, J. H.; et al, A high-resolution spectroscopy survey of β Cephei pulsations in bright stars, Astronomy and Astrophysics, June 2006, 452 (3): 945–953, Bibcode:2006A&A...452..945T, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054730 
^ Evans, D. S., The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities, Batten, Alan Henry; Heard, John Frederick (编), Determination of Radial Velocities and their Applications, Proceedings from IAU Symposium no. 30 30, University of Toronto: International Astronomical Union: 57, June 20–24, 1966, Bibcode:1967IAUS...30...57E
^ Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch., XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation, Astronomy Letters, 2012, 38 (5): 331, Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A, arXiv:1108.4971 , doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Abt, Helmut A., Observed Orbital Eccentricities, The Astrophysical Journal, August 2005, 629 (1): 507–511, Bibcode:2005ApJ...629..507A, doi:10.1086/431207 
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 Tetzlaff, N.; Neuhäuser, R.; Hohle, M. M., A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, January 2011, 410 (1): 190–200, Bibcode:2011MNRAS.410..190T, arXiv:1007.4883 , doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17434.x
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Underhill, A. B.; et al, Effective temperatures, angular diameters, distances and linear radii for 160 O and B stars, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, November 1979, 189 (3): 601–605, Bibcode:1979MNRAS.189..601U, doi:10.1093/mnras/189.3.601 
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 Hohle, M. M.; Neuhäuser, R.; Schutz, B. F., Masses and luminosities of O- and B-type stars and red supergiants, Astronomische Nachrichten, April 2010, 331 (4): 349–360, Bibcode:2010AN....331..349H, arXiv:1003.2335 , doi:10.1002/asna.200911355
^ Abt, Helmut A.; Levato, Hugo; Grosso, Monica, Rotational Velocities of B Stars, The Astrophysical Journal, July 2002, 573 (1): 359–365, Bibcode:2002ApJ...573..359A, doi:10.1086/340590 
^ zet CMa -- Cepheid variable Star, SIMBAD Astronomical Object Database (Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg), [2012-02-15], （原始内容存档于2019-12-10）
^ IAU Catalog of Star Names. [28 July 2016]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-07）.
^ Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim. A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations 2nd rev. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub. 2006. ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7.
^ Allen, R. H., Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning Reprint, New York: Dover Publications Inc: 130, 1963 [2010-12-12], ISBN 0-486-21079-0
^ IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN). [22 May 2016]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-30）.
^ Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1 (PDF). [28 July 2016]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-04-17）.
^ The Colour of Stars, Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), December 21, 2004 [2012-01-16], （原始内容存档于2012-03-10）

外部連結

Kaler, James B., FURUD (Zeta Canis Majoris), Stars (University of Illinois), [2012-02-16], （原始内容存档于2021-04-15）

[aaa474_2_653-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 van Leeuwen, F., Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction, Astronomy and Astrophysics, November 2007, 474 (2): 653–664, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, arXiv:0708.1752 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357

[mnassa31_69-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Cousins, A. W. J., UBV Photometry of Some Very Bright Stars, Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa, 1972, 31: 69, Bibcode:1972MNSSA..31...69C

[houk1979-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Houk, Nancy, Michigan catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD stars 3, Ann Arbor, Michigan: Dept. of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1979, Bibcode:1982mcts.book.....H

[aaa452_3_945-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Telting, J. H.; et al, A high-resolution spectroscopy survey of β Cephei pulsations in bright stars, Astronomy and Astrophysics, June 2006, 452 (3): 945–953, Bibcode:2006A&A...452..945T, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054730 

[rgcrv-5] Evans, D. S., The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities, Batten, Alan Henry; Heard, John Frederick (编), Determination of Radial Velocities and their Applications, Proceedings from IAU Symposium no. 30 30, University of Toronto: International Astronomical Union: 57, June 20–24, 1966, Bibcode:1967IAUS...30...57E

[Anderson2012-6] Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch., XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation, Astronomy Letters, 2012, 38 (5): 331, Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A, arXiv:1108.4971 , doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015.

[apj629_1_507-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Abt, Helmut A., Observed Orbital Eccentricities, The Astrophysical Journal, August 2005, 629 (1): 507–511, Bibcode:2005ApJ...629..507A, doi:10.1086/431207 

[mnras410_1_190-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 Tetzlaff, N.; Neuhäuser, R.; Hohle, M. M., A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, January 2011, 410 (1): 190–200, Bibcode:2011MNRAS.410..190T, arXiv:1007.4883 , doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17434.x

[mnras189_601-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Underhill, A. B.; et al, Effective temperatures, angular diameters, distances and linear radii for 160 O and B stars, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, November 1979, 189 (3): 601–605, Bibcode:1979MNRAS.189..601U, doi:10.1093/mnras/189.3.601 

[an331_4_349-10] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 Hohle, M. M.; Neuhäuser, R.; Schutz, B. F., Masses and luminosities of O- and B-type stars and red supergiants, Astronomische Nachrichten, April 2010, 331 (4): 349–360, Bibcode:2010AN....331..349H, arXiv:1003.2335 , doi:10.1002/asna.200911355

[apj573_1_359-11] Abt, Helmut A.; Levato, Hugo; Grosso, Monica, Rotational Velocities of B Stars, The Astrophysical Journal, July 2002, 573 (1): 359–365, Bibcode:2002ApJ...573..359A, doi:10.1086/340590 

[SIMBAD-12] zet CMa -- Cepheid variable Star, SIMBAD Astronomical Object Database (Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg), [2012-02-15], （原始内容存档于2019-12-10）

[IAU-CSN-13] IAU Catalog of Star Names. [28 July 2016]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-07）.

[Kunitzsch-14] Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim. A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations 2nd rev. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub. 2006. ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7.

[allen1963-15] Allen, R. H., Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning Reprint, New York: Dover Publications Inc: 130, 1963 [2010-12-12], ISBN 0-486-21079-0

[WGSN-16] IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN). [22 May 2016]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-30）.

[WGSN1-17] Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1 (PDF). [28 July 2016]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-04-17）.

[csiro-18] The Colour of Stars, Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), December 21, 2004 [2012-01-16], （原始内容存档于2012-03-10）

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PROFILPELAJAR.COM

孙增一

名稱

性質

參考資料

外部連結

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