嫩江

此條目介紹的是河流。关于其它用法，请见「嫩江 (消歧义)」。
「纳文慕仁」重定向至此。關於行政区，請見「纳文慕仁盟」。
嫩江
嫩江流域
國家 中华人民共和国
省內蒙古自治區、黑龙江省、吉林省
流域
源頭大兴安岭北麓
 • 位置伊勒呼里山
 • 坐标51°19′44″N 124°27′18″E / 51.32889°N 124.45500°E / 51.32889; 124.45500
 • 海拔1,528.7米（5,015英尺）
河口松花江
 • 位置吉林省大安市三岔河
 • 坐标45°26′17.16″N 124°39′25.2″E / 45.4381000°N 124.657000°E / 45.4381000; 124.657000
流域面積283,000 km2（109,000 sq mi）
本貌
長度1,370 km（850 mi）
特徵
左岸支流卧都河、门鲁河、科洛河、讷谟尔河
右岸支流罕诺河、那都里河/古里河、多布库尔河、欧肯河、甘河/阿里河/克一河/奎勒河、霍日里河、诺敏河/毕拉河、阿伦河、音河、雅鲁河/卧牛河 (扎兰屯)、绰尔河、洮儿河/呼尔勒河、霍林河
地图

嫩江（满语：ᠨᠣᠨ
ᡠᠯᠠ
，穆麟德轉寫：non ula，俄语：Нэньцзян），河源处又译为南瓮河或纳文慕仁（达斡尔语「嫩江」之意），上游古称孛古江，是松花江最大支流。位于中国黑龙江省西部，部分河段為黑龙江省與內蒙古自治區邊界。源出大兴安岭北麓伊勒呼里山，南流到镇赉县，经吉林省大安市在三岔河汇入松花江。长1370千米，流域面积28.3万平方千米。嫩江古称弱水、那河、捺河、难水、难河、讷兀河、脑温江、恼温必拉等，辽金时期嫩江流域属北部边防的战略要地。[1]

嫩江上游，图中左侧为与嫩江同名的黑龙江省嫩江市，右侧为内蒙古自治区莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗

河源至嫩江市区为上游，河谷狭窄，森林覆盖植被良好，河水含沙量较小。嫩江市至莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗驻地为中游。从莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗驻地至三岔河口为下游。中游和下游河谷宽阔，中高水位时最大水面宽450～800米，最大水深6～13米；枯水位时最大水面宽170～180米；两岸湿地有许多湖泊、沼泽。[2]

嫩江位于中高纬度地区，属于温带大陆和季风气候过渡区域。地处半湿润地区，年降水量370～500毫米，上游多于下游，年均流量723立方米/秒，年均径流量228亿立方米。左岸支流有卧都河、门鲁河、科洛河、讷谟尔河，右岸支流主要有罕诺河、那都里河、多布库尔河、欧肯河、甘河、霍日里河、诺敏河、阿伦河、音河、雅鲁河、绰尔河、呼尔勒河、洮儿河、霍林河等。[2]

嫩江有4个月冰期，通航时江轮可航至齐齐哈尔。嫩江流经坡度很缓的松嫩平原，建有查哈阳灌区和北部、中部、南部引嫩水利工程，其流域是黑龙江省主要粮食产区之一。[2]

註釋

  1. ^ 王禹浪; 刘加明. 嫩江的称谓、流域范围及其辽金古城研究综述. 《哈尔滨学院学报》. 2013, 34 (4): 1–13. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 嫩江. 《中国大百科全书》 网络第三版. 2022-01-20 [2023-11-26]. ISBN 9787520208581. （原始内容存档于2023-11-26）. 

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