^Klein, Herbert S. and Jacob Klein. The Atlantic Slave Trade. Cambridge University Press, 1999. pp. 103–139.
^Ronald Segal, The Black Diaspora: Five Centuries of the Black Experience Outside Africa (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995), ISBN 0-374-11396-3, page 4. "It is now estimated that 11,863,000 slaves were shipped across the Atlantic. [Note in original: Paul E. Lovejoy, "The Impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa: A Review of the Literature", in Journal of African History 30 (1989), p. 368.]"
^Eltis, David and Richardson, David. The Numbers Game. In: Northrup, David: The Atlantic Slave Trade, 2nd edition, Houghton Mifflin Co., 2002. p. 95.
^African Holocaust How Many [非洲人大屠杀有多少]. 非洲人大屠杀协会 African Holocaust Society. [2007-01-04]. (原始内容存档于2017-05-05). If 12-15 million Africans arrived in the New World. Over 10 million died as direct consequences of the Atlantic slave trade alone. But no one knows the exact number. An often-neglected study within history is the value of population demographics as a function of time. 30 million people 500 years ago is not equivalent to 30 million people today because 30 million as a percentage of the world population represented 500 years ago is far greater than what it represents today.
^Howard Winant (2001), The World is a Ghetto: Race and Democracy Since World War II, Basic Books, p. 58.
^Catherine Lowe Besteman, Unraveling Somalia: Race, Class, and the Legacy of Slavery (University of Pennsylvania Press: 1999), pp. 83–84.
^Kevin Shillington, ed. (2005), Encyclopedia of African History, CRC Press, vol. 1, pp. 333–34; Nicolas Argenti (2007), The Intestines of the State: Youth, Violence and Belated Histories in the Cameroon Grassfields, University of Chicago Press, p. 42.
^ 52.052.1Stannard, David. American Holocaust. Oxford University Press, 1993
^Patrick Manning, "The Slave Trade: The Formal Dermographics of a Global System" in Joseph E. Inikori and Stanley L. Engerman eds., The Atlantic Slave Trade: Effects on Economies, Societies and Peoples in Africa, the Americas, and Europe (Duke U.P. 1992), pp. 117-44, online at pp. 119-20. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
^Wynter, Sylvia (1984a). "New Seville and the Conversion Experience of Bartolomé de Las Casas: Part One"". Jamaica Journal 17 (2): 25-32.
^Dauenhauer, Nora Marks; Richard Dauenhauer; Lydia T. Black. Anóoshi Lingít Aaní Ká, Russians in Tlingit America: The Battles of Sitka, 1802 and 1804.. Seattle: University of Washington Press. 2008: XXVI. ISBN 978-0-295-98601-2.
^Manning, Patrick: "Contours of Slavery and Social change in Africa". In: Northrup, David (ed.): The Atlantic Slave Trade. D.C. Heath & Company, 1994, pp. 148–160.
^ 85.085.1Thornton, John. A Cultural History of the Atlantic World 1250-1820. 2012, p. 64.
^ 86.086.1Fage, J. D. "Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Context of West African History", The Journal of African History, Vol. 10. No 3, 1969, p. 400.
^Eric Williams, Capitalism & Slavery (University of North Carolina Press, 1944), pp. 98–107, 169–177,
^David Richardson, "The British Empire and the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1660-1807," in P. J. Marshall, ed. The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume II: The Eighteenth Century (1998), pp. 440-64.
^ 89.089.1Stanley L. Engerman. The Slave Trade and British Capital Formation in the Eighteenth Century. JSTOR 3113341.
^Richard Pares. The Economic Factors in the History of the Empire. JSTOR 2590147.
^J.R. Ward, "The British West Indies in the Age of Abolition," in P. J. Marshall, ed. The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume II: The Eighteenth Century (1998), pp. 415-39.
^Marx, Karl. Chapter Thirty-One: Genesis of the Industrial Capitalist. Karl Marx: Capital Volume One. [21 February 2014]. (原始内容存档于2020-03-19). the turning of Africa into a warren for the commercial hunting of black-skins, signalised the rosy dawn of the era of capitalist production. These idyllic proceedings are the chief momenta of primitive accumulation.
^Rodney, Walter. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, London: Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications, 1972.
^David Eltis, Economic Growth and the Ending of the Transatlantic Slave Trade.
^Thornton, John. Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1800. Cambridge University Press, 1992.
^Joseph E. Inikori, "Ideology versus the Tyranny of Paradigm: Historians and the Impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on African Societies", African Economic History, 1994.
^Andrews, Kehinde. The New Age of Empire: How Racism and Colonialism Still Rule the World. London: Allen Lane. 2021: 98. ISBN 978-0241437445.
^Andersen, Astrid Nonbo. "We Have Reconquered the Islands": Figurations in Public Memories of Slavery and Colonialism in Denmark 1948-2012. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society. 2013, 26 (1): 57–76. JSTOR 42636435. S2CID 189952970. doi:10.1007/s10767-013-9133-z.
Austen, Ralph. African Economic History: Internal Development and External Dependency. London: James Currey. 1987. ISBN 978-0-85255-009-0.
Christopher, Emma. Slave Ship Sailors and Their Captive Cargoes, 1730–1807. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2006. ISBN 0-521-67966-4.
Chaunu, Pierre. L'expansion européen du XIIIe à XVe siècles. Paris. 1969.
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Handley, Fiona J.L. Back to Africa: Issues of hosting "Roots" tourism in West Africa. African Re-Genesis: Confronting Social Issues in the Diaspora (London: UCL Press). 2006: 20–31.
Osei-Tutu, Brempong. Contested Monuments: African-Americans and the commoditization of Ghana's slave castles. African Re-Genesis: Confronting Social Issues in the Diaspora (London: UCL Press). 2006: 09–19.
Cheney, Glenn Alan, Quilombo dos Palmares: Brazil's Lost Nation of Fugitive Slaves, Hanover, CT:New London Librarium, 2014. ISBN 978-0-9905899-0-7
Clarke, Dr. John Henrik: Christopher Columbus and the Afrikan Holocaust: Slavery and the Rise of European Capitalism. Brooklyn, N.Y.: A & B Books, 1992. ISBN 1-881316-14-9.
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Daudin, Guillaume: "Profitability of slave and long distance trading in context: the case of eighteenth century France", Journal of Economic History, 2004.
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Gleeson, David T. and Simon Lewis. eds. Ambiguous Anniversary: The Bicentennial of the International Slave Trade Bans (University of South Carolina Press; 2012) 207 pp.
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Lihat entri f di kamus bebas Wiktionary. Halaman ini memuat artikel tentang huruf F dalam alfabet Latin. Untuk penggunaan lainnya, lihat F (disambiguasi). Alfabet Latindasar ISO AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz lbs F adalah huruf Latin ke-6. Namanya dalam bahasa Indonesia adalah ef (dibaca [[Bantuan:Pengucapan|[ɛf]]]). Huruf ini sering digunakan untuk menandai bunyi konsonan geser bibir-gigi nirsuara. Sejarah Proto-Semitikwaw →Fenisiawaw →Yunani Kunodigama&...
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Abolished for murder in 1846, for treason in 1963 Michigan lawGreat Seal of Michigan Constitution Michigan Ballot proposals Laws Michigan Compiled Laws Courts Michigan Supreme Court Michigan Court of Appeals Michigan Circuit Courts Courts of Michigan Michigan Court of Claims Michigan district courts Courts of Michigan Civil rights law LGBT rights in Michigan Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act Michigan Religious Freedom Restoration Act Criminal law Capital punishment in Michigan Felony murder rul...
Highly urbanized city in Metro Manila, Philippines This article is about the city. For the river, see Pasig River. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Pasig – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Highly urbanized city in National ...
Cet article est une ébauche concernant l’Afrique. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Aire de la langue kiswahili. Expansion bantoue. L'Azanie (en grec ancien Ἀζανία / Azania, parfois Côte d'Ajan) est l'ancienne appellation de la partie de la côte d'Afrique orientale qui s'étend, le long de l'océan Indien, au sud de la mer Rouge[1]. Au début du XIXe siècle, une géographie en...
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BeiuşKotaLokasi BeiuşNegara RumaniaProvinsiProvinsi BihorStatusMunisipalitasPemerintahan • Wali kotaDomocos Adrian Nicolae (Partai Liberal Nasional)Luas • Total24,46 km2 (944 sq mi)Populasi • Total12.089 • Kepadatan494/km2 (1,280/sq mi)Zona waktuUTC+2 (EET) • Musim panas (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)Situs webhttp://www.beius.ro/ Beiuş (dalam bahasa Jerman: Binsch, bahasa Hungaria: Belényes) adalah sebuah kota di Prov...