国王学院礼拜堂

国王学院礼拜堂
扇形拱顶

国王学院礼拜堂（King's College Chapel）是剑桥大学国王学院的礼拜堂，英国哥特式垂直风格的代表作品。[1] 其早期文艺复兴圣坛屏是1532年至1536年的作品，具有鲜明对比的风格，被尼古劳斯佩夫斯纳爵士称为“英格兰尚存最精美的一块意大利装饰”[2]。

1440年和1441年，亨利六世创建了伊顿公学和剑桥大学国王学院，两校的礼拜堂非常相似，不过伊顿公学礼拜堂未能完成。国王决定礼拜堂的尺寸。关于建筑师是谁尚有争议。[3] 亨利本人于1446年7月25日为礼拜堂奠基。到理查三世在位末期（1485），虽然在进行玫瑰战争，还是完成了屋顶。亨利七世在1506年来访时留下了钱，使工程能在他死后继续。1515年，亨利八世在位时，建筑完成。

礼拜堂长289英尺（88米），宽40英尺（12米）. 室内高度80英尺（24米），外部高度94英尺（29米）.[4] 它拥有世界上最大的扇形拱顶，由石匠约翰Wastell建于1512和1515年。还有美丽的中世纪花窗玻璃，祭坛上面的《三博士朝拜》是鲁本斯的作品，绘于1634年，原在比利时鲁汶修女院，1968年来到此堂[5]。

在英国内战期间，礼拜堂被奥利弗·克伦威尔的军队用作训练场，但是未受严重损害，可能是因为克伦威尔本人是剑桥大学的学生。在祭坛附近的墙壁上仍可见到议会士兵留下的涂鸦。第二次世界大战期间，大部分花窗玻璃被移走，礼拜堂再次逃脱损害[6]。

参考

  1. ^ Saltmarsh, John: King’s College (in Victoria County History of Cambridgeshire, Volume III, ed. J.P.C. Roach, 1959).
  2. ^ Pevsner, An Outline of European architecture 1963:292f.
  3. ^ Thomas John P. Carter, King's college chapel: notes on its history and present condition (Macmillan and Co, 1867), 10
  4. ^ Alison Stones, Images of Medieval Art and Architecture — Britain: England, Cambridge (King's College Chapel （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
  5. ^ A Century of King's, 1873-1972 by L.P. Wilkinson, 1980: 130-131
  6. ^ King's College Chapel, Cambridge at britainexpress.com. [2012-08-20]. （原始内容存档于2012-08-30）. 

52°12′17″N 0°06′59″E / 52.2048°N 0.1165°E / 52.2048; 0.1165

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