^Fujikura, Katsunori; Okutani, Takashi; Maruyama, Tadashi. Sensui chōsasen ga mita shinkai seibutsu : shinkai seibutsu kenkyū no genzai (Deep-sea life: biological observations using research submersibles). Tokai University Press. 2008. ISBN 978-4-486-01787-5. p. 20.
^ 2.02.12.22.32.42.52.6Vanreusel A., De Groote A., Gollner S. & Bright M. (2010). "Ecology and Biogeography of Free-Living Nematodes Associated with Chemosynthetic Environments in the Deep Sea: A Review". PLoS ONE5(8): e12449. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012449.