冬季防線

古斯塔夫防線
加拿大軍隊從古斯塔夫防線前進到希特勒防線,1944年5月24日

冬季防線,是德軍第二次世界大戰期間在義大利建立的一系列防禦工事,它是在大戰中由托特組織建設而成,其中最重要的防禦工事,叫古斯塔夫防線,由從北面而來流入西面第勒尼安海加里利亚诺河亞平寧山脈到東面亞得里亞海沿岸的桑格羅河

防線的中心是位於橫跨通過利里河谷,向北通往羅馬的6號公路上的卡西諾鎮,其山上有能俯瞰利里河谷的蒙特卡西諾修道院義大利語Abbazia di Montecassino卡西諾山令德軍能清楚觀察所有盟軍之進攻,在亞平寧山脈以西有2條輔助防線:在古斯塔夫防線前面是伯恩哈德防線及在後面5英哩的希特勒防線英语Hitler Line,冬季防線上的碉堡滿佈炮窖、混凝土地下碉堡、可轉動的機關槍砲座、有刺鐵絲網地雷陣,它是德軍在羅馬以南最強大的防線,防線上佈署了德軍15個師,它令盟軍從1943年11月中至1944年5月底需經苦戰才能通過冬季防線。

參考資料

奧托納的軍人墳墓

外部連結

Read other articles:

2C-T-8 Names Preferred IUPAC name 2-{4-[(Cyclopropylmethyl)sulfanyl]-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl}ethan-1-amine Identifiers CAS Number 207740-27-0 N 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEMBL ChEMBL127995 Y ChemSpider 21106234 Y PubChem CID 44350055 UNII 50U317Z43G CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID70658375 InChI InChI=1S/C14H21NO2S/c1-16-12-8-14(18-9-10-3-4-10)13(17-2)7-11(12)5-6-15/h7-8,10H,3-6,9,15H2,1-2H3 YKey: AHMSSHCYIDBVQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N YInChI=1/C14H21NO2S/c1-16-12-8-14...

 

Sergei Kornilenko Kornilenko bermain untuk Krylia Sovetov tahun 2017Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Sergei Aleksandrovich KornilenkoTanggal lahir 14 Juni 1983 (umur 40)Tempat lahir Vitebsk, RSS BelarusiaTinggi 186 m (610 ft 3 in)[1]Posisi bermain StrikerInformasi klubKlub saat ini Krylia Sovetov SamaraNomor 8Karier junior DYuSSh VitebskKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2000 Lokomotiv-96 Vitebsk 4 (0)2000 → Lokomotiv Vitebsk 6 (3)2000–2001 Dinamo-Juni Minsk 22 ...

 

Vilayet di Bosnia Vilayet di Bosnia - LocalizzazioneIl vilayet di Bosnia negli anni 1880 Dati amministrativiNome completoVilâyet-i Bosna Lingue ufficialiturco ottomano Lingue parlateturco, serbo-croato CapitaleSarajevo Dipendente da Impero ottomano PoliticaForma di StatoVilayet Forma di governoVilayet elettivo dell'Impero ottomano Capo di StatoSultani ottomani Nascita1864 Fine1908 Territorio e popolazioneBacino geograficoBosnia Massima estensione46.000 km2 nel XX secolo Popolazione1.232...

American fashion model (born 1992) Karlie KlossKloss in 2013BornKarlie Elizabeth Kloss (1992-08-03) August 3, 1992 (age 31)Chicago, Illinois, U.S.Alma materNew York UniversityOccupationModelYears active2006–presentSpouse Joshua Kushner ​(m. 2018)​Children2Modeling informationHair colorBlondeAgencyThe Society Management[1]Models 1 (London)2pm Model Management (Copenhagen)[2]UTA (Los Angeles)[3] Websitewww.karliekloss.com Kar...

 

Amr Zaki Amr Zaki bersama Wigan Athletic pada 2009Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Amr Hassan ZakiTanggal lahir 1 April 1983 (umur 41)Tempat lahir Mansoura, MesirTinggi 1,85 m (6 ft 1 in)[1]Posisi bermain PenyerangKarier junior El MansouraKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2001–2003 El Mansoura 20 (20)2003–2006 ENPPI 64 (27)2006 Lokomotiv Moscow 0 (0)2006–2012 Zamalek 88 (35)2008–2009 → Wigan Athletic (pinjaman) 29 (10)2010 → Hull City (pinjaman) 6 (0)20...

 

Nama lengkapReal Madrid Castilla Club de FútbolJulukanRM CastillaBerdiri16 December 1930 (as Agrupación Deportiva Plus Ultra)StadionStadion Alfredo di Stéfano, Madrid, Community of Madrid, Spain(Kapasitas: 0)KetuaNicolas Martín-Sanz[1]ManajerRaul GonzalezLiga2ª B – Group 22015–162ª B – Group 2, 1st Kostum kandang Kostum tandang Kostum ketiga Musim ini Real Madrid Castilla merupakan sebuah klub sepak bola asal Spanyol yang saat ini bermain di Segunda División B. Pemain-pem...

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Neith (disambigua). Neith recante uno scudo sulla testaNeit recante la corona rossa Neith (anche nota come Nit, Net e Neit) è una divinità egizia appartenente alla religione dell'antico Egitto. Era la patrona di Sais, nel Delta occidentale. Originariamente Neith fu la dea della caccia e della guerra ed ebbe come simboli di potere, come la città stessa di Sais, due frecce incrociate sopra uno scudo come corona divina e il bastone...

 

土库曼斯坦总统土库曼斯坦国徽土库曼斯坦总统旗現任谢尔达尔·别尔德穆哈梅多夫自2022年3月19日官邸阿什哈巴德总统府(Oguzkhan Presidential Palace)機關所在地阿什哈巴德任命者直接选举任期7年,可连选连任首任萨帕尔穆拉特·尼亚佐夫设立1991年10月27日 土库曼斯坦土库曼斯坦政府与政治 国家政府 土库曼斯坦宪法 国旗 国徽 国歌 立法機關(英语:National Council of Turkmenistan) ...

 

Національний військово-медичний клінічний центр «Головний військовий клінічний госпіталь» Девіз Допомогти, врятувати, вилікувати!Тип військовий шпитальЗасновано 10 червня 1755 р.Головний лікар Казмірчук Анатолій ПетровичКількість ліжок 1125Кількість лікарів 503Клініки з�...

Part of a series onBengalis Bengali history Vanga Kingdom Gangaridai Gauda Kingdom Pala Empire Bengal Sultanate Bengal Subah Bengal Presidency Partition of Bengal (1905) Eastern Bengal and Assam Partition of Bengal (1947) East Bengal East Pakistan Names of Bengal Bengali homeland Bengal Bangladesh West Bengal Tripura Barak Valley Assam Bengali people Social group: Bangal Ghotis Diaspora Religious community: Muslims Hindus Buddhists Christians Bengali name Subgroups: Dhakaiyas Sylhetis Bengal...

 

Liturgical practices in the Middle Ages Portrait of St John from The Book of Mulling The term Celtic Rite is applied[1] to the various liturgical rites used in Celtic Christianity in Britain, Ireland and Brittany and the monasteries founded by St. Columbanus and Saint Catald in France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy during the Early Middle Ages. The term is not meant to imply homogeneity; instead it is used to describe a diverse range of liturgical practices united by lineage and geo...

 

Forced economic reforms of collective ownership of the means of production Part of a series onStalinism Concepts Aggravation of class struggle under socialism Anti-revisionism Collectivization Cult of personality Five-year plans Great Break Korenizatsiia Marxism–Leninism New Soviet man Popular front Self-criticism Socialism in one country Socialist realism Soviet socialist patriotism Stakhanovite Transformation of nature Vanguardism People Joseph Stalin Yemelyan Yaroslavsky Kliment Voroshil...

Group of muscles Adductor muscles of the hipThe adductors and nearby musclesDetailsOriginPubisInsertionFemur and tibiaNerveObturator nerveActionsAdduction of hipAnatomical terms of muscle[edit on Wikidata] The adductor muscles of the hip are a group of muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh mostly used for bringing the thighs together (called adduction). Structure The adductor group is made up of: Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor magnus Adductor minimus This is often consi...

 

Second highest executive of the U.S. State of Illinois Lieutenant Governor of IllinoisGreat Seal of the State of IllinoisIncumbentJuliana Strattonsince January 14, 2019Government of IllinoisTerm length4 years, no term limitsInaugural holderPierre MenardFormation1818Salary$139,200[1]Websitewww2.illinois.gov/agencies/LTGOV The lieutenant governor of Illinois is the second highest executive of the State of Illinois. In Illinois, the lieutenant governor and governor run on a joint ti...

 

Goddess who represents, or is a personification of nature, motherhood, fertility, creation Earth Mother redirects here. For other uses, see Mother Earth. For the mountain with native name Chomolungma (Goddess Mother of the World/Earth), see Mount Everest. Heavenly Mother redirects here. For the being in Mormonism, see Heavenly Mother (Mormonism). Mother Goddess sculpture from Madhya Pradesh or Rajasthan, India, 6th-7th century, in the National Museum of Korea, Seoul A mother goddess is a majo...

Not to be confused with freedom of thought or free will. For other uses, see Free thought (disambiguation). Position that beliefs should be formed only on the basis of logic, reason, and empiricism This article contains too many or overly lengthy quotations. Please help summarize the quotations. Consider transferring direct quotations to Wikiquote or excerpts to Wikisource. (November 2020) Tombstone detail of a freethinker, late 19th century (Cemetery of Cullera, Spain) Freethought (sometimes...

 

44th Prime Minister of Romania GeneralConstantin Sănătescu44th Prime Minister of RomaniaIn office23 August 1944 – 5 December 1944MonarchMichael IDeputyPetru GrozaPreceded byIon AntonescuSucceeded byNicolae RădescuMinister of FinanceIn office12 October 1944 – 4 November 1944Prime MinisterHimselfPreceded byGheorghe Potopeanu [ro]Succeeded byMihail Romniceanu [ro]45th Chief of the General StaffIn office11 December 1944 – 20 Ju...

 

German psychiatrist Maximilian Jacobi, daguerreotype of 1850 Carl Wigand Maximilian Jacobi (10 April 1775 – 18 May 1858) was a German psychiatrist. Biography He was born in Düsseldorf, the son of philosopher Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi. He attended the universities of Jena, Göttingen, Erfurt, and Edinburgh, and for a period of time worked as a hospital aide in London. Later he became director of a mental hospital at Salzburg, and beginning in 1816 was a Prussian Medizinalrat (medical office...

У Вікіпедії є статті про інші значення цього терміна: Консервативна партія. Консервативна партіяангл. Conservative PartyКраїна Велика БританіяЛідерРіші СунакГоловаГрег Гендс[1]ЗасновникРоберт ПільДата заснування1834Штаб-квартираConservative Campaign HeadquartersdІдеологія консерва�...

 

كتب جوجلGoogle Books (بالإنجليزية) الشعارمعلومات عامةموقع الويب books.google.com (الإنجليزية) نوع الموقع موقع ويب — مكتبة رقمية البلد الأصلي  الولايات المتحدة التأسيس 2005 الجوانب التقنيةاللغة لغات متعددة أهم الشخصياتالمالك جوجل تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات كتب جوجل (بالإن�...