介殼蟲

介壳虫总科
化石时期：早白堊紀至現代
[1]
吹綿介殼蟲（Icerya purchasi）
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲： 昆虫纲 Insecta
目： 半翅目 Hemiptera
亚目： 胸喙亞目 Sternorrhyncha
总科： 介壳虫总科 Coccoidea
Handlirsch（德语：Anton Handlirsch）, 1903 [2]
科

見內文

介殼蟲（英語：scale insect）亦作蚧，為半翅目胸喙亞目介殼蟲總科（學名：Coccoidea，又名蚧总科[3]）下所有昆蟲的通稱，計有23個科，合共8000多個物種，這還未計算已滅絕而只剩下化石的14個科。介殼蟲是一类細小的植食性昆虫，有許多種是对于农林业和园艺业危害严重的害虫。

生態

介殼蟲通常都為植物的寄生蟲，透過直接侵入植物的維管束系統來吸取植物的汁液為主食。也有以菌類維生的，如：旌介殼蟲科（英语：Ortheziidae）的Newsteadia（英语：Newsteadia）屬。介殼蟲各種主類的大小不一：有些可以小至1－2毫米，有的則在五毫米左右。母成蟲都被硬殼或鱗片長期固定在植物上，並不能行動。會分泌出蠟來自我防衛，此物質很像魚類的鱗片。

所有種類的介殼蟲都是植食性的，常以多年生植物為寄生主且天敵不多，所以在農業方面被視為害蟲，常見的有：粉蚧（英语：Pseudococcus）、軟蚧（英语：Coccus）及盾蚧。少見而人類能利用的只有白蠟蟲（：イボタロウムシ）、紫膠蟲（英语：Kerria lacca）和洋紅蟲等。

有些介殼蟲能和螞蟻共生[4]。

系統分類

現時，介殼蟲總科包括有以下各科[5][6]：

參考文獻

  1. ^ Johnson, hristine; Agosti, Donat; Delabie, Jacques H.; Dumpert, Klaus; Williams, D. J.; Tschirnhaus, Michael VON; Maschwitz, Ulrich. Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis. American Museum Novitates. 2001, 335: 1–18. ISSN 0003-0082. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2001)335<0001:AAAAHF>2.0.CO;2. 
  2. ^ Coccoidea Handlirsch, 1903. ITIS. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 武三安. 中国绵粉蚧属种类记述(同翅目:蚧总科:粉蚧科). 《动物分类学报》. 2000年, 第25卷 (第1期) [2018-05-03]. （原始内容存档于2018-05-04） （中文（简体））. 
  4. ^ Itino, Takao; Murase, Kaori; Sato, Yumiko; Inamori, Keita; Itioka, Takao; Quek, Swee-Peck; Ueda, Shouhei. An ancient tripartite symbiosis of plants, ants and scale insects. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2008, 275 (1649): 2319–26. JSTOR 25249807. PMC 2603224 可免费查阅. PMID 18611850. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0573. 
  5. ^ 王文哲. 常見介殼蟲介紹 (第六期). 臺中區農業改良場. 2000年3月 [2013-01-31]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-19） （中文（繁體））. 
  6. ^ Coccoidea. ITIS. 2005 [2005]. 
  7. ^ Wu, S A; Xu, H. A new coccoid family (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) for an unusual species of scale insect on Podocarpus macrophyllus (Podocarpaceae) from southern China. Zootaxa. 2022, 5120 (4): 543–558 （英语）. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 林学院课题组在《Zootaxa》上发表昆虫分类新科. 绿色新闻网. [2023-09-18]. 

外部連結

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：介殼蟲

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