亨利·萊特·哈葛德

亨利·萊特·哈葛德
Henry Rider Haggard
出生(1856-06-22)1856年6月22日
Bradenham, Norfolk
逝世1925年5月14日(1925歲—05—14)（68歲）
伦敦
職業小说家、学者
國籍英国
創作時期19-20世纪
體裁Adventure ; Fantasy ; Fables ; Romance ; Science Fiction ; History
主題Africa
代表作Dawn (1884)
Allan Quatermain Series
Ayesha Series
受影響於羅伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森 ; 魯德亞德·吉卜林
施影響於Edgar Rice Burroughs, C.S. Lewis, J. R. R. Tolkien, Carl Jung, 約瑟夫·康拉德
官方網站
Rider Haggard Society

亨利·萊特·哈葛德爵士，KBE（Sir Henry Rider Haggard，1856年6月22日—1925年5月14日），英國小說家。

英國維多利亞時代受歡迎的小說家，以浪漫的愛情與驚險的冒險故事為題材，代表作為《所羅門王的寶藏》。林紓最常翻譯哈葛德的小說。哈葛德常年住在非洲，擔任過南非納塔爾省省長祕書。

生平

哈葛德生于英格兰诺福克郡的布拉登汉（Bradenham, Norfolk ），十個小孩中排行第八，父亲是律师，有丹麦血统，母亲出身於富商家庭，曾出版过诗集。哈葛德早年不並順遂，報考軍校未果。他在倫敦的兩年，他開始對研究心理現象感到興趣。

1875年，哈葛德19歲時，在非洲擔任纳塔尔总督亨利·鲍尔爵士的秘书。大約這時期他愛上了瑪麗伊麗莎白“莉莉”傑克遜，他打算結婚。1878年他成為常務官高等法院在德蘭士瓦，並寫信給他的父親，他打算返回英格蘭和她結婚。遭到他父親反對。1878年成为南非德兰土瓦省最高法院的书记员。1880年，兩人一起前往非洲，後來在南非德兰土瓦與妻子经营一家鸵鸟场。1881年，他回到英國攻讀法律，但他對當律師不感興趣，後來乾脆辭職，專心寫作。1885年，他完成經典名作《所羅王的寶藏》。哈葛德常年在非洲工作，使得他的作品中常见的深入“黑暗大陸”的冒险之旅。1882年回到英格兰定居，1884年哈葛德成了一名律师。1912年封爵，1919年升为二级的爵士（Knight Commander）。

写作生涯

哈葛德一共寫了五十七部小說。他的小说最著名的为《所罗门王的宝藏》（King Solomon's Mines）及续集《艾伦·夸特梅因》（Allan Quatermain），和《她》（She, 舊譯《三千年豔屍記》[1]）以及续集《阿霞》（Ayesha），霸道冒险小说设置在争夺非洲的背景下。其他的作品还包括《百合娜达》（Nada the Lily，舊譯《鬼山狼侠传》）和 《埃司兰情侠传》 （Eric Brighteyes）。

林紓一共翻譯了哈葛德小說二十五部，其中有兩部未刊[2]。林紓說哈氏之書，“多荒渺不可稽詰”[3]。他的作品《迦因小傳》在英國文學史上並沒受到關注，文筆生硬，只是一部二流的小說，卻因為迦因被壞人誘姦生了一個私生子的情節，在中國造成極大轟動[4]；林譯小說較原文優美動人，使得《迦因小傳》在中國廣為流行，人人爭讀，足見林紓的古文功力之深厚。梁啟超在《飲冰室詩話》中談到《迦因小傳》，將其與林譯《巴黎茶花女遺事》相提並論。

虽然他的小说描写往往带有殖民主义的成见，但是在描绘土著人的时候带有不寻常程度的同情。小说中的非洲人往往为英雄角色，虽然主角是典型的欧洲人，但是并非一成不变。哈葛德还描写农业和社会改革，部分灵感来自他在非洲的经历，也基于他在欧洲看到的情况。在他生命末期，他和他的朋友魯德亞德·吉卜林坚决反对布尔什维克主义。由于观点共同，他们在1889年吉卜林抵达伦敦后成为好友，并保持了终生的友谊。

注釋

  1. ^ 《三千年豔屍記》是林紓的譯本，但早在1898年5月《时务报》第60—69册上刊载曾广铨译的小说《长生术》，也就是哈葛德小说《她》。清末小説 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） - 國立國會圖書館（日语：国立国会図書館）（日語）
  2. ^ 韓洪舉：〈林译《迦茵小传》的文学价值及其影响〉
  3. ^ 林紓：〈《三千年豔屍記》跋〉
  4. ^ 鲁迅在《祝中俄文字之外交》说“后来林琴南大译英国哈葛德的小说了，我们又看见了伦敦小姐之缠绵和非洲野蛮之古怪。”

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