亚历山大·多夫任科

亚历山大·多夫任科
出生1894年9月10日儒略曆8月29日]
 俄罗斯帝国切尔尼戈夫省索斯尼察[1]
逝世1956年11月25日(1956歲—11—25)(62歲)
 苏联莫斯科州列宁区佩列杰尔基诺
墓地新圣女公墓
国籍 俄罗斯帝国(1894年 - 1917年)
 蘇維埃俄國(1917年 - 1922年)
 苏联(1922年 - 1956年)
职业電影導演編劇
活跃时期1926年–1956年
配偶尤利娅·索恩采娃
奖项
列宁勋章 红旗勋章 劳动红旗勋章 1941-1945年偉大衛國戰爭中忘我勞動獎章
苏俄人民艺术家— 1950 列宁奖 — 1959 斯大林奖 — 1941 斯大林奖 — 1949

亚历山大·彼得罗维奇·多夫任科(俄语:Александр Петрович Довженко;1894年—1956年),是乌克兰出身的前苏联編劇電影導演制片人

生平

1894年生于俄罗斯帝国乌克兰切爾尼戈夫省索斯尼察。父母都是文盲[2]。19岁高中毕业后在乡村学校教书。俄国革命爆发后,他参加了红军[3],并加入了共产党。退役后在苏联驻波兰华沙大使馆和德国柏林领事馆担任秘书。1923年回到哈爾科夫,在中央机关报编辑部做插画家[4]

1926年,他进入敖德萨电影制片厂工作,在第一年完成了自己的第一部电影剧本《改革者瓦夏》,并独立执导了滑稽喜剧短片《爱情的结晶》。1928年至1930年,他导演了《兹维尼戈尔》、《兵工厂》和《土地》三部黑白无声电影,后来被称为“杜甫仁科三部曲”。他指导的影片侧重感情的深沉和巧妙的象征性,富含诗意[5]

杜甫仁科的电影《伊万》被指宣扬法西斯主义和泛神论。由于害怕被捕,杜甫仁科亲自向斯大林求情。不過斯大林並沒有將其逮捕。

苏德战争爆发后,他还创作了反映乌克兰人民反抗法西斯斗争的作品。它们因犯了“乌克兰民族主义”和“攻击党的各项政策”的错误,没有获得斯大林的审核通过[6]。1943年,苏联红军总政治部主任亚历山大·谢尔盖耶维奇·谢尔巴科夫在斯大林面前将杜甫仁科的电影文学剧本《烈火中的乌克兰》贬为“极端民族主义的作品”,还说作品中所有的苏联基本理论都受到了批评,极力煽动斯大林的怒火。[7]斯大林后来当面怒斥杜甫仁科,从此杜甫仁科受到斯大林冷遇,被排除在各类官方组织之外。直到斯大林于1953年去世,一直对杜甫仁科赞赏有加的赫鲁晓夫上台后才恢复了他应有的地位。

1939年他被授予“乌克兰苏维埃社会主义共和国功勋艺术家”称号。1950年又获得被授予“俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国人民艺术家”称号。电影《肖尔斯》获得了1941年的斯大林一等奖,电影《米丘林》获得了1949年斯大林二等奖。1959年,《海之歌》的剧本获列宁奖

晚年在莫斯科电影学院授课,1956年11月25日因心肌梗死去世[8]

作品

1964年邮票
1996年邮票
导演作品[9]
编剧作品

参见

注释

参考资料

  1. ^ 杜甫任科,A.P.. 中国大百科全书. [2023-09-18]. (原始内容存档于2023-04-01) (中文). 
  2. ^ George O. Liber. Alexander Dovzhenko: A Life in Soviet Film. British Film Institute. 2002: 9 [2019-10-22]. ISBN 9780851709277. (原始内容存档于2020-09-15) (英语). 
  3. ^ Borwell, David. Film History: An Introduction. New York. 1994. ISBN 978-0073386133. 
  4. ^ Alexander Dovzhenko. peoples.ru. [2019-10-22]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-14) (俄语). 
  5. ^ Richard Meran Barsam. Nonfiction Film: A Critical History. Indiana University Press. 1992 [2019-10-22]. ISBN 9780253207067. (原始内容存档于2020-09-15) (英语). 
  6. ^ Neil Edmunds. Soviet Music and Society Under Lenin and Stalin: The Baton and Sickle. Routledge. 2004: 73 [2019-10-22]. ISBN 9781134415632. (原始内容存档于2020-09-15) (英语). 
  7. ^ Khrushchev, Nikita (1971). Khrushchev Remembers. London: Sphere. : 154. 
  8. ^ 苏联电影大师A·杜甫仁科逝世. 电影艺术. 1956, (12). 
  9. ^ 《杜甫仁科选集》. 中国电影出版社. 1962年12月. 

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