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二氧化铪

二氧化铪
IUPAC名
Hafnium(IV) oxide
别名 氧化铪(Ⅳ)
识别
CAS号 12055-23-1  checkY
PubChem 292779
ChemSpider 258363
SMILES
 
  • O=[Hf]=O
InChI
 
  • 1/Hf.2O/rHfO2/c2-1-3
InChIKey CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-MSHMTBKAAI
性质
化学式 HfO2
摩尔质量 210.49 g·mol⁻¹
外观 白色粉末
密度 9.68 g/cm3 (固)
熔点 2758 °C
沸点 5400 °C
溶解性 不溶于水
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

二氧化铪(化学式:HfO2)是最常见的化合物之一。

性质

白色或灰色粉末。不溶于水、盐酸硝酸和其他一般无机酸,在氢氟酸中缓慢溶解生成氟铪酸盐。与热浓硫酸硫酸氢盐作用生成硫酸铪。与碳在氯气存在下混合加热得到四氯化铪。与氟硅酸钾作用生成氟铪酸钾。与在1500℃以上反应得碳化铪(HfC)。是一种具有宽带隙(~6eV)和高介电常数的陶瓷材料。

四方单斜三方三种晶形。单斜晶系的二氧化铪在1475~1600℃的足量氧气氛中转化为四方晶系。

制取

可由四氯化铪二硫化铪硼化铪氮化铪碳化铪氯氧化铪硫酸铪等化合物经热分解、水解或高温灼烧制取。

用途

用作耐火材料[1]、抗放射性涂料和催化剂。近年来在微电子领域引起关注,它有可能替代目前硅基集成电路核心器件金属氧化物半导体场效应管(MOSFET)的栅极绝缘层二氧化硅(SiO2),以解决传统 MOSFET 中 SiO2/Si 发展的尺寸极限问题。[2]

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ Very High Temperature Exotic Thermocouple Probes. Omega Engineering, Inc. [2008-12-03]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-19). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ Intel Says Chips Will Run Faster, Using Less Power. New York Times. 2007-01-27 [2009-08-27]. (原始内容存档于2017-08-26). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
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