丹尼尔·马兰

非常尊敬的
丹尼尔·弗朗索瓦·马兰
Daniël François Malan
PC
第4任南非總理
任期
1948年6月4日—1954年11月30日
君主乔治六世
伊丽莎白二世
总督吉迪翁·布兰德·范齐尔
欧内斯特·乔治·扬森（英语：Ernest George Jansen）
前任揚·史末資
继任约翰内斯·格哈杜斯·斯揣敦
个人资料
出生(1874-05-22)1874年5月22日
 開普殖民地西瑞貝克（英语：Riebeek West）
逝世1959年2月7日(1959歲—02—07)（84歲）
 南非聯邦開普省斯泰倫博斯
政党國民黨（1914年－1935年、1948年－1959年）
纯正国民党（1935年－1939年）
联合国民党（1940年－1948年）
宗教信仰荷蘭歸正教會（英语：Dutch Reformed Church）

丹尼尔·弗朗索瓦·马兰，PC（阿非利卡语：Daniël François Malan [ˈdɑːni.əl franˈswɑ mɑ'lan]，1874年5月22日—1959年2月7日），南非政治家，曾于1948年至1954年间任南非总理，是种族隔离制度的制定与实施者。

马兰的先祖是一个法国胡格诺派的新教流亡者，1689年逃往开普敦。马兰本人出生在开普殖民地西瑞贝克（英语：Riebeek West），畢業於斯泰倫博斯大學[1]。1905年再從荷兰的烏特勒支大學获得神学博士学位。马兰力主将南非语列为南非的真实语言，并为之而努力。此后的一段时间内，马兰以传教士身份到访过许多地方，包括比属刚果（今刚果民主共和国）、南罗得西亚（今津巴布韦）等[2]。

1914年，国民党成立，马兰加入该党。1918年，马兰作为国民党在开普敦的领导人获选入南非议会。1924年至1933年间，马兰出任南非内政部长，并成功使南非语取代荷兰语，成为南非的官方语言之一。1934年，国民党决定与敌对的南非党（英语：South African Party）合并为統一黨，马兰以及其他19名议员强烈反对，并另行组建新的政党——纯正国民党。

第二次世界大战期间，马兰反对南非为英国参战，这使他獲得了意想不到的支持。战争结束后不久，他领导的联合国民党于1948年大选获得胜利，马兰出任南非总理。在担任总理期间，马兰政府制定了严格的种族隔离制度，令南非招致广泛的国际谴责和制裁，这政策直到1994年才正式解除，但其影响一直延续到现今的南非。

1954年，马兰卸任总理一职退休。1959年2月7日，马兰在斯泰伦博斯的自宅内去世，终年84岁[3]。

参考文献

  1. ^ Korf, Lindie. Behind Every Man: D.F. Malan and the Women in his Life, 1874–1959. South African Historical Journal. 2008, 60 (3): 397–421 [2022-06-29]. ISSN 0258-2473. S2CID 145581158. doi:10.1080/02582470802417474. （原始内容存档于2022-06-29）. 
  2. ^ sahoboss. Daniel Francois Malan. South African History Online. 17 February 2011 [24 January 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-23）. 
  3. ^ D. F. Malan, S. African Racist, Dies需要免费注册. Hartford Courant. 8 February 1959: 5 [18 February 2018]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-29） –通过Newspapers.com. 

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