中国人民解放军 陆军 海军 空军 火箭军 军兵种·预备役·文职人员
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香港軍事 · 澳門軍事
中国人民解放军西藏军区(英文:The Tibet Military District),其前身为中国人民解放军第十八军,1952年2月10日成立,机关驻地拉萨市,辖区位于中国人民解放军西部战区,隶属中国人民解放军陆军总部领导。
西藏军区主要负责西藏自治区(阿里地区除外[註 1])野战部队、边防部队与民兵预备役部队的训练与行政管理,战时或军事行动时将纳入中国人民解放军西部战区的指挥体系。
西藏军区前身为中国人民解放军第十八军,1952年1月18日,以十八军军部组建西藏军区司令部,张国华任首任司令员。
1949年2月18日,根据中共中央军委关于统一全军编制及部队番号的命令,豫皖苏军区部队、第一纵队第二十旅在河南省鹿邑县五台庙合编为中国人民解放军第十八军(第一纵队大部组成第十六军),隶属第二野战军第五兵团。张国华任军长,谭冠三任政治委员,昌炳桂任副军长,王幼平任副政治委员,陈明义任参谋长,郭影秋任政治部主任。全军共2.7万余人。4~5月,第18军参加渡江战役。后归第四野战军指挥,先后配属第4、第12兵团参加湘赣战役、衡宝战役等。10月下旬归建。11月初向西南进军,由湘西入黔,而后北上四川,参加成都战役。其间,王其梅任副政治委员,刘振国任政治部主任。
此时,18军的驻地是当时颇为富庶的川南,全军上下许多士兵和干部均已经开始考虑在当地安家置业,已经不想再继续打仗。1949年12月,中央军委指示18军进军西藏,全军震动,普通士兵中出现逃兵(有的班逃得只剩班长),很多干部则是假装生病不愿回到工作岗位或是找借口调出18军。为解决当时18军内这种避战情绪,军长张国华以身作则,亲自背着3岁的女儿行军,最终该女因肺炎逝世,被18军视为“进藏牺牲第一兵”。
1950年1月,第18军正式开始执行进军西藏的任务,进行了昌都战役,进驻拉萨。12月,中共中央、中央军委决定以第18军组建西藏军区,归西南军区领导。1952年3月17日,第18军改为西藏军区,第18军番号撤销。
1951年10月,以入藏的中国人民解放军第十八军为基础开始组建西藏軍區。期间,围绕西藏军区的藏族副司令员人选,西藏工委张经武、张国华和谭冠三等与噶厦反复磋商达数月之久,终于在1952年1月11日确定人选为阿沛·阿旺晋美和朵噶·彭措饶杰。
1952年1月18日,中央人民政府人民革命军事委员会正式批准了西藏军区领导人的任命。即:司令员张国华,第一副司令员阿沛·阿旺晋美、第二副司令员朵噶·彭措饶杰(即饶噶夏)、第三副司令员昌炳桂,政治委员谭冠三,副政治委员范明、王其梅,参谋长李觉,政治部主任刘振国,后方部队司令员兼政治委员陈明义[1]。
1952年2月10日,西藏军区正式成立,属二级边防军区[2],下设司令部、政治部、后勤部和干部管理部,驻西藏拉萨。当天,在拉萨河畔孜仲林卡举行了成立大会。2月11日,在布达拉宫前广场举行成立庆祝大会,会上向藏军司令凯墨·索南旺堆及藏军一、二、四、六代本授予中华人民共和国国旗。
1955年5月1日,原隶属于西南军区的西藏军区改编为大军区[2]。
1959年,西藏军区部队在兰州军区55师、成都军区130师的支援下鎮壓了藏区骚乱。
1962年,西藏军区部队在成都军区54军和130师支援下在中印边界西段对印度军展开自卫还击作战,使印军退败。
1968年12月,西藏军区调整为正军级单位,但軍政主官為副大軍區級,划归成都军区[2]。
进入21世纪之后,随着青藏铁路的竣工以及滇藏铁路和川藏铁路的建设,人民解放军在西藏地区的兵力快速投射能力大大提高。2008年,西藏军区直属摩托化步兵第五十四团改编为机械化步兵团,是中国军事史上首次给驻藏武装力量装备坦克。
2016年,在深化国防和军队改革中,西藏军区整编升格为副战区级单位,并划归中国人民解放军陆军领导机构直接领导[3]。
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曾被授予荣誉称号的单位有:
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