W87 (核彈頭)

W87
LGM-118A和平守護者導彈展示的Mk21重返大氣層載具，W87包含其中 warheads.
类型核武器
服役记录
服役期间1986年–至今
使用方 美国
生产历史
研发者勞倫斯利佛摩國家實驗室
研发日期Mod 0: 1982年2月
Mod 1: 1986年11月 - 1988年7月, 2019年3月 - 2030年
生产日期Mod 0: 1986年7月 - 1988年12月
Mod 1: 2030年以後
制造数量525
衍生型2
基本规格
重量400至600英磅（180至270公斤）
引爆机制接觸，空爆
爆炸当量30 萬噸 (W87-0)
47.5 萬噸(W87-1)

W87是美國的一款熱核彈頭，先前部署在LGM-118A和平守護者洲際彈道導彈(代號MX)上。製造了50枚LGM-118A和平守護者洲際彈道導彈，每枚導彈可攜帶10枚在多目標重返大氣層載具中的W87核彈頭，它在1986-2005年期間部署。自2007年開始，來自退役和平守護者洲際彈道導彈的250枚W87被改裝至更舊的LGM-30洲際彈道導彈上，每枚導彈配備一枚W87。[1]

詳細資料

W87的設計在1982年2月，於勞倫斯利佛摩國家實驗室開始，核彈頭在1986年7月至1988年12月期間生產。[2]儘管W88是在洛斯阿拉莫斯國家實驗室設計的，但據稱W87的設計和W88相似。W87是美國能源部美國國家核安全局（英语：National Nuclear Security Administration）(英語: National Nuclear Security Administration)核武器壽命循環計劃(英語: nuclear weapons lifecycle program)的一部分。[3]

W87核彈頭的設計包含所有現代核彈頭的安全功能，包括LX-17和PBX-9502（英语：Polymer-bonded explosive）低敏感度高爆炸藥（英语：Insensitive munition）(主要成分為三氨基三硝基（英语：TATB），英語: TATB)，耐火彈芯，進階武裝和引信安全功能(英語: advanced arming and fuzing safety features)。

原本W87的爆炸當量為30萬噸，但它有能力升級到47.5萬噸，推測可能是在二階段聚變包覆融合芯(英語: fusion secondary stage tamper)中使用更多的高濃縮鈾。目前尚不清楚該升級是否經過全面測試並準備好升級W87的爆炸當量，或者僅僅是設計。

W87的精確尺寸是機密，但W87安裝在Mk21重返大氣層載具中，它是一個圓錐體，底部直徑為22英吋(56 cm)，長69英吋(180 cm)。它的重量被認為介乎440-600磅(200-270 kg)。

W87-1

除了上文提到的更高爆炸當量升級選項外，W87的一個特別變種型號W87 mod 1(W87-1)在1988年11月進入了第3研發工程階段，[2]並獲分析武器型號名稱。W87-1是用於MGM-134侏儒洲際彈道導彈，它擁有完整的47.5萬噸當量。W87-1的計劃首次生產日期為1997年7月，[4]但W87-1和MGM-134侏儒洲際彈道導彈都在1992年1月被取消。

在2019年，W87-1被挑選為W78核彈頭的替換型號，部署在當時沒有攜帶W87-0的LGM-30G洲際彈道導彈上。新的核彈頭並不會部署在LGM-30G洲際彈道導彈上，而是安裝在LGM-30G洲際彈道導彈的替換型號，LGM-35哨兵洲际弹道导弹（也稱為陸基戰略威懾，英語: Ground Based Strategic Deterrent）上。目前尚不清楚新的 W87-1研發計劃是否是之前W87-1研發計劃的延續，或者它是否使用了之前W87-1研發計劃中開發的爆炸組件。[5]

根據美國能源部就該計劃所發布的消息，指「它與W87-0的一級組件設計相似」，這可能證明它與之前的W87-1計劃類似，因為它有和之前不同或經過調整以達到更高的爆炸當量的次級組件。[5]能源部指W87-1是基於先前進行過的核試驗的組件，和包含低敏感度高爆炸藥，進階武裝和引信安全功能的一級組件，但該武器並不能證明有任何新的軍事能力。[6]

階段6.2可行性研究於2014年停止，然後於2019年重新啟動。階段6.3研發工程計劃於2022年7月展開，階段6.4生產工程計劃於2026年中期展開，階段6.5初始生產計劃於2030年進行。[6]

LGM-35導彈計劃於2028年部署，W87-0核彈頭最先安裝到系統中，W87-1核彈頭從2030年開始安裝。如果W87-1的部署延遲，這為空軍提供了少量的靈活性。[7]

參見

參考資料

  1. ^ Kristensen, Hans M.; Norris, Robert S. US nuclear forces, 2015. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. January 18, 2015, 71 (2): 107–119. Bibcode:2015BuAtS..71b.107K. S2CID 145260117. doi:10.1177/0096340215571913. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Nuclear weapons labs (status report), University of California, 1989 [2006-04-15], （原始内容存档于2006-05-18） .
  3. ^ Fact Sheet: W87-1 Modification Program (PDF). National Nuclear Security Administration. March 2019 [2020-03-07]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-12-31）. 
  4. ^ Terry Michael Josserand. R&A for UUR_Weapon_History_Phases_20170206. (报告). Sandia National Labs. 1 March 2017 [30 August 2021]. OSTI 1429158. （原始内容存档于30 August 2021）. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 W87-1 Modification Program (PDF). March 2019 [2020-03-08]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-12-31）. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 National Nuclear Security Administration. W87-1 MODIFICATION PROGRAM (PDF) (报告). 1 Feb 2022 [30 March 2022]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于30 March 2022）. 
  7. ^ Frank G. Klotz, Alexandra T. Evans. Modernizing the U.S. Nuclear Triad: The Rationale for a New Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (PDF) (报告). RAND: 21. 2022 [30 March 2022]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于6 February 2022）. 

外部連結

  • W87, USA, Nuclear weapons archive .
  • W87, WMD, Global security, [2022-04-09], （原始内容存档于2022-04-06） .

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