ViBe

ViBe是一种在IEEE ICASSP 2009大会中提出并在此后发布版本中改进了的背景剪除算法。[1][2][3][4] 更确切地说，它是从运动图像中提取背景信息的软件模块。它由比利时列日大学的Montefiore研究所的Oliver Barnich和Marc Van Droogenbroeck开发。[5]

ViBe已获得专利：[6] 专利涵盖各个方面，如随机置换、空间扩散和非时序处理。

ViBe使用C语言写成的，并已在CPU、GPU和FPGA上实现。[7]

技术说明[2]

像素模型和分类过程

有很多先进的技术可以用来提供像素 x 对时间的概率密度函数的估计值。ViBe与那些方法不同，它规定多色空间中一个值的影响限制在局部邻域内。在实践中，ViBe不去估计概率密度函数，而是采用一组先前观测到的样本值作为像素模型。它通过与样本集内相邻的值进行比较来对 pt(x) 的值分类。

模型的更新：样本值的生命周期策略

ViBe保证了构成像素模型的样本值的生命周期呈平滑指数衰减。这使得ViBe用每个像素都大小合理的一个模型来能够成功地处理伴随事件。这是通过在更新像素模型时，随机选取决定用替代的样本来实现的。一旦选定了要丢弃的样本，就会用新值替代丢弃的样本。有趣的是要注意到，因为将要丢弃的值是随机选取的，所以一个给定像素样本的像素模型更新产生的像素模型无法预测。

模型的更新：空间一致性

为了确保整个图像模型的空间一致性，并处理诸如相机抖动及背景物体的缓慢变化的实际情况，ViBe采用了类似于更新过程的技术，随机选取然后再当前像素的邻域内更新像素模型。分别用 NG(x) 和 p(x) 来表示像素 x 的空间邻域和它的值，并假设已决定通过加入 p(x) 更新 x 的样本集，则ViBe同样适用 p(x) 这个值来更新邻域 NG(x) 中一个随机选取的像素的样本集。其结果是，ViBe能够不适用任何后期处理方法直接产生空间一致的结果。

模型的初始化

虽然该模型可以容易地从任何类型的初始化中恢复，例如选择一组随机值，可以很方便地尽快得到一个准确的背景估计。理想情况下，一个分割算法可以从第二帧开始分割视频序列，第一帧用来初始化模型。由于第二帧之前没有可用的临时信息，ViBe在像素模型中填入每个像素空间邻域中的值；更确切地说，它用第一帧中随机从每个像素邻域中抽取的值初始化了背景模型。这样背景估计从视频序列的第二帧就有效了。

參考文献

  1. ^ Barnich, Olivier; Van Droogenbroeck, Marc. ViBe: A powerful random technique to estimate the background in video sequences: 945–948. 2009. doi:10.1109/ICASSP.2009.4959741. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Barnich, O; Van Droogenbroeck, M. ViBe: A Universal Background Subtraction Algorithm for Video Sequences. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing. 2011, 20 (6): 1709–1724. ISSN 1057-7149. doi:10.1109/TIP.2010.2101613. 
  3. ^ Van Droogenbroeck, M.; Paquot, O. Background subtraction: Experiments and improvements for ViBe: 32–37. 2012. doi:10.1109/CVPRW.2012.6238924. 
  4. ^ Van Droogenbroeck, Marc; Barnich, Olivier. ViBe: A Disruptive Method for Background Subtraction: 7.1–7.23. 2014. doi:10.1201/b17223-10. 
  5. ^ 存档副本. [2015-03-18]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-03）. 
  6. ^ World Intellectual Property Organization. ViBe patents （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  7. ^ Kryjak, Tomasz; Gorgon, Marek. "Real-time Implementation of the ViBe Foreground Object Segmentation Algorithm" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. In Proceedings of the 2013 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS) pp. 591–596

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