NGC 2346

NGC 2346
星云
哈伯太空望遠鏡拍攝的NGC 2346
觀測資料: J2000.0 epoch
赤经07h 09m 22.52166s[1]
赤纬−00° 48′ 23.6112″[1]
距離4,760 ly（1,458 pc）[1][2] 光年
视星等 (V)9.6[3]
視尺度(V)0.91′[4]
星座麒麟座
物理性質
半径2 ly
名稱蝴蝶星雲、蟲子星雲[3]
相關條目：星雲列表

NGC 2346是位於麒麟座中，靠近天球赤道的一個行星狀星雲[5]，在麒麟座δ的東南東方距離不到1度之處[6]。它被非正式地稱為蝴蝶星雲[3]。星雲明亮而顯眼，視星等為9.6[3]， 並已被廣泛研究。它最顯著的特徵之一是其異常低溫的中心恆星，這是一對光譜聯星，以及它不尋常的形狀。

這個星雲呈現雙極性，氣體流出速度適中，在8〜11km/s的範圍內，而中心則由膨脹的分子氣體環包圍。星雲的電子密度約為每立方釐米400。星雲的電離是來自聯星伴星的紫外線發射的結果[7]。更強的紅外輻射來自以16 km/s膨脹的分子帶輻射。星雲中分子氣體的質量估計在0.34〜1.85 M☉的範圍內，並且遠大於電離氣體的質量[8]。

中心恆星是由一顆A型次巨星和O型次矮星恆星組成的聯星[9]。該系統的軌道週期為16.00±0.03天[2]，也是變光週期[10]，可能是由於它周圍的軌道上有塵埃。塵埃本身被中心恆星加熱，因此NGC 2346在光譜的紅外部分異常明亮。當兩顆恆星中的一顆演化成紅巨星時，它吞沒了它的伴星，並從自身的大氣層中剝離了一圈物質。當紅巨星的核心暴露時，一股快速的恆星風從環的兩側膨脹成兩個"氣泡"。.

圖集

用32英寸望遠鏡成像的NGC 2346

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 可免费查阅. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051.  VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Brown, Alex J.; Jones, David; Boffin, Henri M. J.; Van Winckel, Hans. On the post-common-envelope central star of the planetary nebula NGC 2346. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. February 2019, 482 (4): 4951–4955. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.482.4951B. arXiv:1810.09764 可免费查阅. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2986. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Jenkins, D. A. First Light and Beyond: Making a Success of Astronomical Observing. Springer International Publishing. July 28, 2015: 216. ISBN 9783319188515. 
  4. ^ Stanghellini, Letizia; et al. The Magellanic Cloud Calibration of the Galactic Planetary Nebula Distance Scale. The Astrophysical Journal. December 10, 2008, 689 (1): 194–202. Bibcode:2008ApJ...689..194S. arXiv:0807.1129 可免费查阅. doi:10.1086/592395. 
  5. ^ NGC 2346: A Butterfly-Shaped Planetary Nebula. Astronomy Picture of the Day. October 28, 2001 [2020-08-28]. （原始内容存档于2010-06-29）. 
  6. ^ Sinnott, Roger W.; Perryman, Michael A. C. Millennium Star Atlas 1. Sky Publishing Corporation and the European Space Agency. 1997: 249. ISBN 0-933346-84-0. 
  7. ^ Phillips, J. P.; Cuesta, L. Extinction Mapping of the Bipolar Outflow NGC 2346. The Astronomical Journal. January 2000, 119 (1): 335–341. Bibcode:2000AJ....119..335P. doi:10.1086/301170 可免费查阅. 
  8. ^ Arias, L.; et al. Kinematics of the Molecular Hydrogen from the Planetary Nebula NGC 2346. The Astronomical Journal. December 2001, 122 (6): 3293–3304. Bibcode:2001AJ....122.3293A. doi:10.1086/324446 可免费查阅. 
  9. ^ González-Santamaría, I.; Manteiga, M.; Manchado, A.; Ulla, A.; Dafonte, C.; López Varela, P. Planetary nebulae in Gaia EDR3: Central star identification, properties, and binarity. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2021, 656: A51. Bibcode:2021A&A...656A..51G. S2CID 237940344. arXiv:2109.12114 可免费查阅. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141916. 
  10. ^ Samus', N. N; Kazarovets, E. V; Durlevich, O. V; Kireeva, N. N; Pastukhova, E. N. General catalogue of variable stars. Astronomy Reports. 5.1. 2017, 61 (1): 80. Bibcode:2017ARep...61...80S. doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085. 

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