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GNU宽通用公共许可证

GNU宽通用公共许可证
GNU LGPL v3标志
作者理查德·斯托曼
版本3
发布者自由软件基金会
DFSG兼容
自由软件
OSI认证
GPL兼容
Copyleft
与不同许可证代码链接可以
网站gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html 編輯維基數據鏈接

GNU宽通用公共许可证(英語:GNU Lesser General Public License,简称:LGPL)是由自由软件基金会公布的自由软件授权条款。它允许企业与软件开发者使用,或将LGPL授权的软件整合至他们自己的软件内(即使该软件是私有软件也被允许),同时不会受到Copyleft特性的许可证强制对软件开源的限制。该许可证常被用于一些(但不是全部)GNU程序库。

这个许可证以前被称为GNU程式库通用公共许可证GNU Library General Public License)。此许可证最新版本为“第3版”,2007年6月29日发布,较早的版本有2.0和2.1版。此種授權之出現,是為了在GPL與許可式授權(如MIT许可证柏克萊大學BSD许可证)間取得折衷。

採用LGPL之計畫本身雖然仍有“Copyleft”之限制條件,但這些限制不感染僅僅只链接到本計畫的軟體。不過此等軟體仍會受到其他限制。

LGPL主要使用之標的為軟體函式庫(Software Libraries),但是其亦可使用於獨立存在的應用程式。比較有名的例子為MozillaOpenOffice.Org

歷史

LGPL原本被稱爲GNU Library General Public License,最初於1991年發布,爲與GPLv2保持一致而採用2.0版的編號。許可證的2.1版與1999年在修訂後發布。與此同時,它被重命名爲GNU Lesser General Public License,以顯示FSF認爲並不是所有程式庫都應當採用該許可證的態度。LGPL的第3版於2007年發布,它以在GPL第3版之上附加應用一系列許可的方式表現。

LGPL與GPL差異之處

LGPL有一特點是LGPL軟體可以被轉換成GPL(參見Section 3)。這種特性對於在GPL函式庫或應用程式中直接使用LGPL程式有一定程度之幫助。

编程语言要求

LGPL 协议主要是面向使用 C语言 以及类C语言。Franz Inc. 发布了 LLGPL 协议,增加了序言部分以澄清 LISP 语言中的上下文问题。[1]

另外 Ada 语言还有一个特殊的特性——泛型,所以需要使用 LGPL 的另一个变种 GNAT Modified General Public License:允许代码链接一些特殊情况,以避免被 GPL 所覆盖。

C++ 模板和只有头文件的库也会遇到类似于 Ada 的泛型问题。LGPL 的第三版在第三小节中专门处理了这方面的特殊情况。[2]

可闭源特性

由于许多程序员都弄不清各種許可證之間的差別,導致一些开源项目成為了小部份別有用心人士所利用的對象,較著名的例子有DivX,早期DivX雛形是一個使用LGPL许可证的自由軟體,由大部份優秀的軟體高手義務地開發,但當軟體漸漸成形時,DivX的公司DXN利用LGPL的漏洞對DivX進行了閉源,大部分軟體愛好者都感到被出賣,所以著手開發了XviD。雖然XviD在軟體方面明顯比DivX優秀,但市場占有率卻不如DivX。

参见

參考資料

  1. ^ Preamble to the Gnu Lesser General Public License. [2009-08-28]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-26). 
  2. ^ LGPLv3 for a C++ Pure Template Library ?. [2018-04-13]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-01). 

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